tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9230637831382819492024-03-08T12:58:35.704-08:00Write essay on educationCommon Topics For Essay WritingDominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-69813804276755028212020-08-23T23:32:00.001-07:002020-08-23T23:32:02.178-07:00Designed With One Admin Ou Per Department â⬠Myassignmenthelp.Com Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-58876520580175026982020-08-22T00:02:00.001-07:002020-08-22T00:02:31.282-07:00Printable SAT Practice Tests PDFs 18 FREE Official TestsPrintable SAT Practice Tests PDFs 18 FREE Official Tests SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In this article, I'll disclose to you where to locate all official, printable SAT practice tests andanswer keys. This complete guide gives you access to more SAT practice tests than some other online guide. What's more, you'll realize key procedures that will assist you with making large enhancements for SAT practice tests you can print out. Free Printable SAT Tests (Current 1600 Format, 2016-Present) As of now, there are 10 accessible practice tests for the updated SAT, all of which have been given by the creator of the SAT itself, theCollege Board. These tests are the most perfectly awesome ones to use for your SAT investigations since they're the most like the test. Practice Test 1:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 2:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 3:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 4:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 5:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations |Essay Practice Test 6:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations |Essay Practice Test 7:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations |Essay Practice Test 8:Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 9: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations Practice Test 10: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations Remember to fill in your answers with theSAT answersheet. Frustrated with your scores? Need to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've composed a guide about the main 5 systems you should use to have a taken shots at improving your score. Download it with the expectation of complimentary at this point: Free Printable SAT Tests (Old 2400 Format, 2005-2016) These next tests follow the old 2400format of the SAT, with isolated Critical Reading, Math, and Writing areas. (Conversely, on the present SAT, your Reading and Writing scores are consolidated for an absolute Evidence-Based Reading and Writing score.) In spite of their to some degree obsolete structure, these tests can be valuable for your studying.Just keep in mindall the significant contrasts between the old and current SAT. I suggest utilizing these tests more as instructional courses than as all out training for the SAT. Official SAT Printable Practice Test 2013-14:Questions|Answers Official SAT Printable Practice Test 2012-13:Questions|Answers Official SAT Printable Practice Test 2007-08:Questions|Answers Official SAT Printable Practice Test 2004-05:Questions|Answers It may look as if I've avoided a couple of years here, yet I really haven't: all the tests for the yearsnot recorded are rehashes of those above, including the 2011-12, 2010-11, 2009-10, 2008-09, 2006-07, and 2005-06 practice tests. So on the off chance that you discover these tests on different discussions or sites, don't burn through your time taking them since they're precisely the same as the ones previously recorded. We're going path once more into the past for this next arrangement of SAT tests. Free Printable SAT Tests (Very Old 1600 Format, Pre-2005) Before the SAT experienced an update in 2016, the last time it had changed was in 2005, back when it bounced from a 1600-guide scale toward a 2400-point scale. Regardless of this huge move in scoring, just a couple of significant contrasts could be found between the exceptionally old 1600 SAT and the old 2400 SAT. Other than those, the vast majority of the test continued as before. Thus, these extremely old SAT practice tests are a shrouded gold minethat barely any understudies know about. By stepping through these exams, at that point, you'll have considerably more of an edge over other test takers. Before I give you the connections, however, note a couple of significant admonitions: You can avoid the analogies inquiries on Reading. These are the issues that resemble Vehicle : ENGINE ::. Since they're no longer on the SAT, there's no reason for considering them. You can skirt the correlation inquiries on Math. This inquiry type presents two boxes and pose to you to choose whether An or B is more noteworthy. Once more, these aren't on the present SAT, so you don't have to stress over these. There is no Writing segment on these tests.Therefore, ensure you utilize beneficial prep materials to consider the punctuation and question types you'll have to know for the present SAT's Writing and Language segment. Be appreciative you don't have to answer a portion of these old-design questions-analogies were the essential explanation that the SAT had gained notoriety for driving understudies to remember vocab! Official SAT Test 2004-05:Questions|Answers Official SAT Test 2003-04:Questions|Answers Official SAT Test 2002:Questions + Answers Official SAT Test 2001:Questions + Answers 6 Tips for Getting the Most Out Of SAT Practice Tests Each SAT practice test requires around four hours of serious center, so it's imperative to use them successfully. The following are six basic strategiesto follow each time you take a training test. #1: Print Out the Test and Take It on Paper Since the SAT is a paper test (instead of a PC test), it's ideal to take the training tests on paper. Additionally, ensure youdo your scratch work straightforwardly on the test.Don't get out isolated bits of scratch paper to use since on the real test you won't get any scratch paper (however will be permitted totake notes legitimately in your test booklet). At last, in case you're taking the discretionary Essay segment, work on composing your article utilizing the fixed paper included with your training test. #2: Use Strict Timing on Each Section In spite of the fact that time weight can be intimidating,it's imperative to follow official SAT time confines as intently as conceivable onpractice tests. Why? On the off chance that, for instance, you spend only two additional minutes on a segment, this could raise your score by many focuses, since the additional time permitted you to address a larger number of inquiries than you would've had the option to inside the genuine time limit. Subsequently, your training SAT score gets swelled and doesn't give you a precise marker of your real scoring capacity. Here's a diagram of the official time limits for each SAT area just as to what extent you ought to spend (generally) per question: SAT Section Time # of Questions Time per Question Perusing 65 minutes 52 75 seconds Composing and Language 35 minutes 44 48 seconds Math No Calculator 25 minutes 20 75 seconds Math Calculator 55 minutes 38 87 seconds Ensure togive yourself breaks, as well! #3: Take the Test in One Sitting The SAT is a long distance race of a test, lasing around four hours on an early Saturday morning. A considerable lot of my understudies have revealed to me that it was so hard to remain centered the whole time and shield themselves from committing imprudent errors toward the end. Getting ready for the SAT resembles preparing for a long distance race: you have to guarantee you have enough endurance to endure the test.And the most ideal approach to do this is to take each training test at a time, as though you were taking the real SAT. In the event that it's unreasonably hard for you to discover an opportunity to take a training test at a time, feel free to separate it more than a few days-simply ensure youadhere to as far as possible for each segment. Eventually, it's smarter to do some SAT practice than none by any means! #4: Review Your Mistakes (and Your Correct Answers, Too) Practice tests aren't only useful for becoming more acquainted with the SAT arrangement and segments they're likewise incredible for gaining from your slip-ups. For each training SAT test you take, invest energy looking into the two inquiries you got off-base and questions you got right. On the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea why you missed an inquiry, don't simply skip it and proceed onward; doing this implies you won't realize what sort of mix-up you made, raising your danger of making it again and again. This propensity can hamper your score pretty radically. So make a point to move toward your SAT prep in light of this: quality over amount. I'd preferably have you take three practice tests with point by point survey than six practice tests with no audit. #5: Take At Least 4 Practice Tests Before the Actual SAT From my involvement in a huge number of understudies, this enchantment number works best at getting understudies extremely alright with the SAT in every significant regard, including timing and perseverance. In the event that you need to step through multiple exams, feel free to give it a shot simply ensure that you offset your prep with some centered concentrating around your shortcomings so you can gain quicker ground. #6: Use Supplemental Resources If Necessary A few understudies are extraordinary at learning the intricate details of the SAT through training tests alone-they perceive their missteps, comprehend why they made them, and abstain from making them later on. In any case, most understudies need extra assistance to pinpoint their shortcomings and show them the abilities and procedures required for progress on the SAT. On the off chance that training tests aren't sufficient for you, download our free manual for assist you with making sense of which SAT prep strategy works best for you. What's Next? Need to get an ideal SAT score?Take a look atour celebrated manual for a 1600, composed by a specialist SAT impeccable scorer. Reaching skyward on each SAT area? At that point read our person, inside and out procedure advisers for assist you with coming to an800 on SAT Reading, SAT Math, and SAT Writing. Need to improve your SAT score by 160points?We have the business' driving SAT prep program. Worked by Harvard graduates and SAT full scorers, the program learns your qualities and shortcomings through cutting edge insights, at that point alters your prep program to you so you get the best prep conceivable. Look at our 5-day free preliminary today: Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-61540365671872304092020-07-15T07:21:00.001-07:002020-07-15T07:21:04.160-07:00Why Parenting Styles Matter When Raising ChildrenWhy Parenting Styles Matter When Raising Children Theories Developmental Psychology Print Why Parenting Styles Matter When Raising Children By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 21, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 17, 2019 Rob Lewine/Getty Images More in Theories Developmental Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Research Types of Parenting Styles Impact of Parenting Style Limitations and Criticism View All Back To Top Developmental psychologists have long been interested in how parents affect child development. However, finding actual cause-and-effect links between specific actions of parents and later behavior of children is very difficult. Some children raised in dramatically different environments can later grow up to have remarkably similar personalities. Conversely, children who share a home and are raised in the same environment can grow up to have very different personalities. Despite these challenges, researchers have posited that there are links between parenting styles and the effects these styles have on children. These effects, some suggest, carry over into adult behavior. What Research Says About Parenting Styles During the early 1960s, psychologist Diana Baumrind conducted a study on more than 100 preschool-age children. Using naturalistic observation, parental interviews, and other research methods, she identified some important dimensions of parenting. ?? These dimensions include disciplinary strategies, warmth and nurturing, communication styles, and expectations of maturity and control. Based on these dimensions, Baumrind suggested that the majority of parents display one of three different parenting styles. Further research by Maccoby and Martin also suggested adding a fourth parenting style to these original three. Types of Parenting Styles Lets take a closer look at each of these four parenting styles and the impact they can have on a childs behavior. Authoritarian Parenting One of the three major styles identified by Baumrind was the authoritarian style. In this style of parenting, children are expected to follow the strict rules established by the parents. Failure to follow such rules usually results in punishment. Authoritarian parents dont explain the reasoning behind these rules. If asked to explain, the parent might simply reply, Because I said so. While these parents have high demands, they are not very responsive to their children. They expect their children to behave exceptionally and not make errors, yet they provide very little direction about what their children should do or avoid in the future. Mistakes are punished, often quite harshly, yet their children are often left wondering exactly what they did wrong. According to Baumrind, these parents are obedience- and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation. Parents who exhibit this style are often described as domineering and dictatorial. Their approach to parenting is one of spare the rod, spoil the child. Despite having such strict rules and high expectations, they do little to explain the reasoning behind their demands and simply expect children to obey without question. Authoritative Parenting A second major style identified by Baumrind was the authoritative style. Like authoritarian parents, those with an authoritative parenting style establish rules and guidelines that their children are expected to follow. However, this parenting style is much more democratic. Authoritative parents are responsive to their children and willing to listen to questions. These parents expect a lot of their children, but they provide warmth, feedback, and adequate support. When children fail to meet the expectations, these parents are more nurturing and forgiving rather than punishing. Baumrind suggested that these parents monitor and impart clear standards for their childrenâs conduct. They are assertive, but not intrusive and restrictive. Their disciplinary methods are supportive, rather than punitive. They want their children to be assertive as well as socially responsible, and self-regulated as well as cooperative. It is this combination of expectation and support that helps children of authoritative parents develop skills such as independence, self-control, and self-regulation. Permissive Parenting The final style identified by Baumrind was what is known as the permissive style of parenting. Permissive parents sometimes referred to as indulgent parents, have very few demands to make of their children. These parents rarely discipline their children because they have relatively low expectations of maturity and self-control.? According to Baumrind, permissive parents are more responsive than they are demanding. They are nontraditional and lenient, do not require mature behavior, allow considerable self-regulation, and avoid confrontation. Permissive parents are generally nurturing and communicative with their children, often taking on the status of a friend more than that of a parent. Uninvolved Parenting In addition to the three major styles introduced by Baumrind, psychologist Eleanor Maccoby and John Martin proposed a fourth style that is known as uninvolved or neglectful parenting. An uninvolved parenting style is characterized by few demands, low responsiveness, and very little communication.?? While these parents fulfill the childs basic needs, they are generally detached from their childs life. They might make sure that their kids are fed and have shelter, but offer little to nothing in the way of guidance, structure, rules, or even support. In extreme cases, these parents may even reject or neglect the needs of their children. The Impact of Parenting Styles What effect do these parenting styles have on child development outcomes? In addition to Baumrinds initial study of 100 preschool children, researchers have conducted other studies that have led to a number of conclusions about the impact of parenting styles on children. Among the findings of these studies:?? Authoritarian parenting styles generally lead to children who are obedient and proficient, but they rank lower in happiness, social competence, and self-esteem.Authoritative parenting styles tend to result in children who are happy, capable, and successful.Permissive parenting often results in children who rank low in happiness and self-regulation. These children are more likely to experience problems with authority and tend to perform poorly in school.Uninvolved parenting styles rank lowest across all life domains. These children tend to lack self-control, have low self-esteem, and are less competent than their peers. Why is it that authoritative parenting provides such advantages over other styles? Because authoritative parents are more likely to be viewed as reasonable, fair, and just so their children are more likely to comply with the requests that these parents make. Also, because these parents provide rules as well as explanations for these rules, children are much more likely to internalize these lessons. Rather than simply following the rules because they fear punishment (as they might with authoritarian parents), the children of authoritative parents are able to see why the rules exist, understand that they are fair and acceptable, and strive to follow these rules to meet their own internalized sense of what is right and wrong. Of course, the parenting styles of individual parents also combine to create a unique blend in each family. For example, the mother may display an authoritative style while the father favors a more permissive approach. This can sometimes lead to mixed signals or even situations where a child seeks approval from the more permissive parent to get what they want. In order to create a cohesive approach to parenting, it is essential that parents learn to cooperate as they combine various elements of their unique parenting styles. Limitations and Criticisms of Parenting Style Research There are, however, some important limitations of parenting style research that should be noted. Links between parenting styles and behavior are based on correlational research, which is helpful for finding relationships between variables but cannot establish definitive cause-and-effect relationships. While there is evidence that a particular parenting style is linked to a certain pattern of behavior, other important variables such as a childs temperament can also play a major role. There is also some evidence that a childs behavior can impact parenting styles. One study published in 2006 found that the parents of children who exhibited difficult behavior began to exhibit less parental control over time. Such results suggest that kids might not misbehave because their parents were too permissive, but that, at least in some cases, the parents of difficult or aggressive children might be more likely to simply give up on trying to control their kids.?? The researchers have also noted that the correlations between parenting styles and behaviors are sometimes weak at best.?? In many cases, the expected child outcomes do not materialize; parents with authoritative styles will have children who are defiant or who engage in delinquent behavior, while parents with permissive styles will have children who are self-confident and academically successful. These four parenting styles might also not be necessarily universal. Cultural factors also play an important role in parenting styles and child outcomes. There is no universally best style of parenting, writes author Douglas Bernstein in his book Essentials of Psychology. So authoritative parenting, which is so consistently linked with positive outcomes in European American families, is not related to better school performance among African American or Asian American youngsters.?? The Bottom Line So whats the takeaway when it comes to parenting styles? Parenting styles are associated with different child outcomes and the authoritative style is generally linked to positive behaviors such as strong self-esteem and self-competence. However, other important factors including culture, childrens perceptions of parental treatment, and social influences also play an important role in childrens behavior. Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-22354531470107484382020-05-21T12:18:00.001-07:002020-05-21T12:18:03.717-07:00The State Terror in Taiwan - 1566 Words The term terrorism is generally linked with images from September 11 and other attacks targeted on innocent civilians done by terrorist individuals and sub-sate group to influence stateââ¬â¢s policy nowadays. Terrorists are portrayed as evil and unlawful while states represent the justice and legitimate side that against it. According to Jackson(2011: , more than 80 percent of the academic articles are dealing with non-state terrorism. However, as described by Jackson(2011: 228-9 in Jackson, R., Murphy, E. Poynting, S.), state terrorism is ââ¬Å"â⬠¦a political phenomenon in the contemporary international systemâ⬠and is ââ¬Å"employed by almost every kind of stateâ⬠. As claimed by Grant (2010:11-2), Terrorism is an political strategy that had been used frequently throughout the history, human condition, but the modern variety with all the technology improvement,but it is not until the 19th century, with help of technology improvement and start of the colonisation, that terrorism started to gain public consciousness as states adopted violent political strategies to rule their colonies. According to Law (2009: 160-1, 171-5), State terrorism is one of the biggest sources of human suffering and destruction. It is stated that state terrorism leaves traces while state terror doesnââ¬â¢t, but this essay will argued that state terror might not be remembered by the general public but it still subconsciously has psychological effect on the citizens. This above theory will be discussed in this essay by aShow MoreRelatedReflection On Self Awareness1416 Words à |à 6 PagesMainlander in Taiwan, where Mainlander referred to Chinese migrants during or after the period of the surrender of Imperial Japan, and World War II. It wasnââ¬â¢t until much later that I understood why Taiwanese divided among themselves. I was told my mothers side of family has experienced the White Terror, which refers to the entire period from 1947 to 1987, during this period, many of the family lands were confiscated by the Kuomintang, the Chinese nationalist party. It was also during the White Terror periodRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1542 Words à |à 7 Pages specifically a unification against ISIS. ISIS, which stands for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, is a terror organization that has claimed responsibilities for the recent bombings in Paris, Belgium and Pakistan (1). 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The first thing to realize and for that matter to understand about primacy is that it is not a new thing or idea to the United States. (2) Primacy is in fact by definition ââ¬Å"the fact of being primary, preeminent, or more important. What is meant by that, is this idea has been demonstrated in the United States involvement and support ofRead MoreStudy of Extreme Islamic Terrorist Groups1858 Words à |à 7 PagesStudy of Extreme Islamic Terrorist Groups Terrorist groups have been involved in political violence dating back to the Greek and Roman Empires. Terrorist Groups have used violence, and terror to seek political change. In the thirteen and fourteenth century, Italy was very volatile. The government went through many changes the use of violence and force was used to terrorize the opponents. In the Age of Revolutions, Muslims began practicing the form of the suicide attacker. The attacks occurred inRead MoreStrategic Direction For Joint Operations1477 Words à |à 6 Pagesdescribes the future in which JF-2025 will operate, identifying trends that will complicate the security environment. The proliferation of advanced weapons systems and technology, including weapons of mass destruction and the emergence of near-peers state competitors poses serious new challenges. Current trends such as violent extremism, transnational criminal enterprises and regional instability as well as the timeless issue of resource competition will cont inue to pose challenges. JF-2025 mustRead MoreThe Conflict Between The Middle East And Christianity1596 Words à |à 7 Pagesavoid some expected consequence. No more than two years ago people thought of Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda organisation if we mentioned the nightmare, extremism. Instead, nowadays the new forces of evil would be the ISIS, also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. ISIS originates from Al-Qaeda in Iraq. I think that the occur of ISIS is under expectation. It has been a long history of the religion conflict between the Islamism in the middle east and Christianity in the west. In the past Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-61879785436908077212020-05-06T23:18:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:18:19.430-07:00what is organizational behavior - 1418 Words 1. What is Organizational Behavior? Study of the impact individuals, groups, and structure has on behavior within an organization. This is studied by managers to improve an organizations work environment to find methods to increase the bottom line. Basically it is a study of the way people act within an organization when exposed to different elements such as leadership styles, behaviors of others, and incentives. 2. Maslow theory hierarchy of needs? Physiological- Basic needs or body needs; food, water, shelter, sex, and other. Safety = security and protection. Social = Affecton, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship. Esteem = Internal factors such as self-respect, autonomy and achievement. Self-actualization = Drive to be all weâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Management by objectives ââ¬â Tangible verifiable, and measurable 6. Self Chapter 8 1. Job design- The way the elements in a job are organized 2. Job Enrichment- expands the job so the employee controls the planning, execution and evaluation 3. Job Rotation- Moving around Cross-train 4. Employee Involvement- more involved, more productive employees 5. Participative management- Joint decision making Vs Representative participation ââ¬â workers are represented in a small group (Union). Chapter 9 1. Formal Group- Organized, Such as work group 2. Informal Group ââ¬â No Formally structured nor organized 3. ESSAY - Five-Stage Model Forming- Beginning of group Storming- Accept existence of group but are working out the kinks Norming-Setting standards Performing- Work get done Adjourning- Job completed 4. Role- What is expected by an organization 5. Role Perception ââ¬â What you think your role is 6. Norms ââ¬â Standards so you know when people are outside the norm set by leaders 7. Deviant workplace Behavior- behavior that violates organizational norms. 8. ESSAY - Group vs Individual Strengths of group decision is from many, Increase diversity, more knowledge. Individual ââ¬â Expeditious, single point of success 9. Social Loafing- Expend less effort when working in a group-causing caos Chapter 10 1. Work group ââ¬â Primarily to share information 2. Work Team ââ¬â Set Goal Accomplishment work on a project to get something done 3. Teams - Problem solvingShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Organizational Behavior?1458 Words à |à 6 PagesOrganizational Behavior - a systematic study of a personââ¬â¢s behavior. Several issues of interest to organizational behavior researchers: Motivation, Emotions, Personality and Communication. (Self Assessment Library? IV.G.1) Interpersonal Skills: A. Importance of Interpersonal Skills in the Workplace. Previously, Business School focused on technical aspects of management, inc: econ, accounting, finance, etc. Human Behavior and People skills was barely covered. Last 30 years thoughRead MoreWhat Are Organizational Behavior? Essay2208 Words à |à 9 Pages1.4 What is Organizational Behavior? Organizational behavior is the systematic study and careful application of knowledge about how people ââ¬â as individuals and as groups ââ¬â act within organizations. On the other hand, OB is the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations. 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In so doing, this paper will amongst other things address not only the various concepts associated with organizational behavior but also the relevance of studying the same as an academic discipline. Organizational Behavior: A Concise Definition In seeking to define organizational behavior, we must first define what an organizationRead MoreMGT 312 Entire Course1103 Words à |à 5 PagesWEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper à à Writeà a 700- to 1,050-word paper explaining the role and purpose of organizational behavior. Explain the main components of organizational behavior.à MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper Provide examples of how these organizational behavior components relate to your workplace. How will knowledge of organizational behavior benefit you as a manager? Includeà at least two scholarly citations from the library.à MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior PaperRead MoreIndividual Behaviour Research Paper983 Words à |à 4 Pages3rd lecture Individual Behavior Prof. Dr. Robert J. Zaugg robert.zaugg@unifr.ch Individual Behavior Learning Objectives â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ Explain the nature of the individual-organization relationship Define personality and describe personality attributes that affect behavior in organizations Discuss individual attitudes in organizations and how they affect behavior Describe basic perceptual processes and the role of attributions in organizations Explain how workplace behaviors can directly or indirectly Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-71432466562373658042020-05-06T07:49:00.001-07:002020-05-06T07:49:20.827-07:00Network Infrastructure Planning Free Essays Course number CIS 408, Network Infrastructure Planning, addresses the issue of network design in both peered-network and client/server environments. The topics emphasized in this course are network topology, routing, IP addressing, name resolution, virtual private networks (VPNs), remote access and telephony. I believe that my training and experience as a Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) fully encompasses the topics included in this course, and I should receive work-life credit for this course. We will write a custom essay sample on Network Infrastructure Planning or any similar topic only for you Order Now I gained the skills and knowledge included in this course through a number of training courses for exams leading up to my MCSE certification. The main exam in this series for network infrastructure planning was Exam 70-219, Designing a Microsoft Windows 2000 Network Infrastructure, which I took in 2001. Related article: Advantage Energy Technology Data Center Migration In addition to the associated training, work experience consisting of one or more yearââ¬â¢s experience designing network infrastructure in an environment with greater than 200 users, at least 5 physical locations, all typical network services including file and print servers, proxy servers and/or firewalls, messaging servers, desktop clients and remote dial-in or VPN servers, and remote connectivity requirements including remote offices and individual users, as well as connection of corporate intranet services to the Internet. Some facets of the topics covered in this course were also covered in Exam 70-296, Planning, Implementing and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment for MCSE Certified on Windows 2000, which I took in 2005 while gaining my Microsoft Certified System Administrator (MCSA) certification. Requirements for this exam included the MCSE certification I had gained previously, as well as experience in network infrastructure planning and user support. Network topology planning was covered in Exam 70-219. This included considerations such as physical layout of the proposed network, LAN topology requirements, physical connectivity requirements and business case analysis for the network proposal. Current hardware availability as well as planned network growth, upgrades and user growth were discussed. Network security, both software-based and physical, was taken into consideration. I learned to both design a network topology from scratch as well as to modify an existing topology for new requirements. Routing requirements using both TCP/IP and DHCP were also covered in these training sessions. Designing TCP/IP subnetting, implementation and optimizing TCP/IP routing strategies, as well as integrating existing systems with newly designed systems were discussed and practiced. Name resolution using such protocols as DNS and WINS were covered in detail. I learned to create a number of different DNS designs, including a basic design, a highly-available design, security-enhanced designs. I also learned how to optimize DNS designs, performance measurement for DNS and how to efficiently deploy a new DNS system. WINS was also discussed; design strategies, optimization and performance measurement, and deployment were covered exhaustively. Multi-protocol strategies for maximum interconnectivity and flexibility were also discussed. Design of remote access, telephony and external access strategies, including WAN (wide-area network) and VPN strategies as well as Internet connectivity, were a further topic of these training sessions and the subsequent exam. WAN design was covered from the standpoint of both dial-in and VPN access.à Dial-in remote access security was emphasized, with design considerations including Routing and Remote Access protocols and authentication with RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service). VPN (virtual private network) access was discussed, with Routing and Remote Access being emphasized as well as a demand-dial strategy. The training also encompassed telephony system design considerations, including traditional telephony switchboard-based services as well as Voice over IP (VoIP) services. Connectivity to external Internet was also a focus of the training; design considerations included inbound connection control, firewalling and proxy servers and other security requirements unique to the corporation. My training and experience as a Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer has thoroughly prepared me in the subject matter offered in this course. Formal training as well as six years experience in network infrastructure planning, including such designs as network topology, protocol configuration and monitoring, integration of telephony, remote access and outside connectivity services as well as attention to business requirements, has given me a depth of knowledge and experience in network infrastructure planning equal to or greater than the knowledge I would gain from CIS 408. I feel I am very well qualified to receive work-life credit for this course. à à à How to cite Network Infrastructure Planning, Essay examples Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-53376621223682464022020-04-24T15:12:00.001-07:002020-04-24T15:12:02.752-07:00Investigation of the Reliability and Validity of the Perception of Teaching Profession Problems Scale Summary The title of the current article is, ââ¬Å"Investigation of the reliability and validity of the perception of teaching profession problems scale with a structural education model: a research on teacherâ⬠and it has been authored by Erol Kraca.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation of the Reliability and Validity of the Perception of Teaching Profession Problems Scale specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Purpose of the study The purpose of the current study was to develop a reliable and valid likert scale that would prove useful in the determination of perceptions held by teachers in the various problems that they face in the teaching profession in Turkey. Hypotheses The emergence of information technology has had an impact on educational institutions and as a result, it has also affected the teaching profession. The education system and teachers in Turkey are yet to adapt social change occasion ed by information technology. The teaching profession in Turkey has been affected greatly by economic problems. Participants The participants of the current study were some 262 teachers that had been selected randomly form various cities in Turkey. For example, 160 teachers working in the city of Kutahya were selected. 38 teachers who participated in the study came from the city of Bursa, while 31 were selected from Burdur (Kraca, 2010). From the city of Ankara, 25 teachers were selected, while 5 came from the city of Eskisehir. Finally, the other 3 participants came from the city of Balikesir. Research Design The current study was exploratory in nature. It was intended to examine the perception of teachers regarding the problems that they are normally faced with daily in the teaching profession in Turkey (Kraca, 2010). This is the case because there is not much information that is available in literature regarding the issue at hand and for this reason the researcher may have deeme d it necessary to undertake this research in order to further shed light on the issue. In order to enable the researcher to collect the research data, use was made of a structured questionnaire. By administering the questionnaire to the participants of the study, the researcher would be in a position to obtain the much needed information to help him answer the research questions.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The study questionnaire consisted of two sections. The first part consisted of questions about the personal information (demographics) of the participant (Kraca, 2010). The second part of the questionnaire attempted to gain information regarding the perception of the respondents in as far as their perceptions on problems faced by teacher are concerned. Questions in the second part of the questionnaire were structured in the form of a five-point likert scale in order to enable t he researcher assess the thoughts, emotions, and behaviors of the respondents regarding the problems that they faced in the teaching profession. Data Analysis In order to analyze data, the researcher utilized LISREL and the statistical package SPSS (Kraca, 2010). Research Findings and Conclusion The development of the scale for the current study was accomplished in three stages. First, the researcher explored literature on teaching as a profession, along with the problems associated with this profession. The second stage involved a review of the instruments that would be used to measure the problem at hand. The final phase involved asking some 112 graduands of Dumlupinar university who were expected to graduate as teachers in the 2009/2010 academic year to write a composition in which they would reflect their thoughts, emotions as well as the problems that they felt posed a challenge to the teaching profession. According to the research findings, the scale used was both reliable and valid, based on the data collected from the respondents (Kraca, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation of the Reliability and Validity of the Perception of Teaching Profession Problems Scale specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, upon repeating the validity and reliability studies, coupled with further analysis, the researcher realized that having the same characteristics in a form that had the different teachers from various sections of study would have gone a long way into helping to assess the structural validity. Critical Analysis The objective of the study has been stated clearly. However, the studyââ¬â¢s hypotheses are not as direct, and one has to read through the paper carefully before noticing them. In addition, the author appears to combine future tense and present tense, which should not be the case with a study that has already been completed. For example, in the abstract, the re searcher has noted, ââ¬Å"The questionnaire consists of two sectionsâ⬠(Kraca, 2010). Some of the sentences used in the study are somewhat vague, and this is indicative of lack of proper preparation in writing the paper. In addition, some of the words in the paper have also been misspelled, showing that the writer did not pay much attention to proofreading the final paper. We are also not told the rationale behind settling for the 262 respondents of the study, and why the number of teachers in the participating cities was distributed in the form provided by the study. The validity of the question is also in doubt because there is no mention of it having been pre-tested. Nonetheless, the demographic information of the participants has been presented and analyzed well. In addition, certain vital sections of the study are missing. For example, considering the nature of the study, there should be a section on ethical considerations, but this has not been captured. The researcher h as only mentioned that participants took part in the study out of their own volition. There should be mention of the studyââ¬â¢s limitations and delimitations as well. Reference List Kraca, E. (2010). Investigation of the reliability and validity of the perception of teaching profession problems scale with a structural education model: a research on teachers. Education, 132(2), 262-272.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Investigation of the Reliability and Validity of the Perception of Teaching Profession Problems Scale was written and submitted by user Vicente Mayo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-26488423257627221532020-03-17T22:40:00.001-07:002020-03-17T22:40:03.627-07:00Battles and warsBattles and wars Battles and wars are an inseparable part of the human nature and one of the most deadly ones was WWI. After the War, the seeming picture was that countries had democratic governments but this was only a topical view. There were many factors that were internal and unique to each country involved. One reason for the collapse of democracies was that the historical period was the beginning of a new era, technology was developing and countries and their governments wanted to dominate more land. A nation that wants to take over other people cannot be guided by democratic standards, as it is tyrannical in nature. After World War I, several European nations were competing for power in the region and were focused only on own interests. The major parties in the war were Germany, England and Russia, and there was much political conflict that was unresolved. A democratic solution was meant to offer everyone a fair chance and the decision that was targeted by the governments would be lost.Adverti sing We will write a custom essay sample on Battles and wars specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A democratic vote would divide and reinstate lands and colonies according to the highest moral principles, giving them back to the original owners, but the for dominance and wealth was much more powerful than democracy, it was greed. There was much spying and counter actions by several nations, even a race for the dominance of outer space. Satellites were placed into orbit to spy on enemy bases. German u-boats were common place in neutral and off shore waters of several nations, adding to the provocations. For some time, large and small European countries have been trying to work out a deal in a peaceful way but that brought no results. Democracy became outdated and could not bring a solution. As democracy is based on the ruling of masses- majority of nationââ¬â¢s population, it would not represent the selfish urges of a few members of th e government. In a democratic nation, the leader is appointed by the people through a fair vote, the public is considered to be the center of the government and the common goals and interests are based on the greater good. The rights of a person, equality and freedom cannot go together with a world domination, war and overpowering of other nations. Historically, Germany is cited as the ââ¬Å"most evilâ⬠country that started the war and was the only one to blame. In reality, the surrounding countries did not mind the war and felt it was needed for the division of European lands. If democracy was the regime in place, the majority of people would decide against the minority and the change of government would have to peaceful. Democracy looked good on paper but it could not be practically applied because of peopleââ¬â¢s greedy nature. It is clear that the basis of democracy lie in morality and absence of division. In all instances, European countries failed to reach a unified d ecision and democracy between the nations failed. Each country wanted more than fairness would allow, thus the only choice to resolve the matter was an open conflict. From the very start, democracy had little chance to change the future and prevent another violent outbreak, as is evident from the regimes that took over and another World War.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The victims of the Great Terror were people of several countries and nations who were politically repressed by the government. This sort of occurrence took place in many countries, but it was particularly horrific for the people of USSR, from 1937 to 1938. The company of mass terror was organized by Joseph Stalin who was the ruler and absolute leader. Even though people were brainwashed to believe that he was a proper tyrant, what went on beneath the surface was terrible. At the time of Stalinââ¬â¢s death , the nation was in mourning and people were unaware of what was really taking place. This proves how secret and cruel the actions of the government really were. One of the reasons for the Great Terror was Stalinââ¬â¢s paranoia, which led him to believe that he was being followed and someone wanted to kill him. It is possible that it was true, but he gave a preposterous order to catch a specific amount of ââ¬Å"public enemiesâ⬠within a specific amount of time. There was a ââ¬Å"quotaâ⬠of people who had to be killed in the name of public and national safety. The constitutional rights of people were never taken into consideration and there was never a proper investigation. It is known that any form of evidence was taken to be true, even if it was as small as an anonymous letter scribbled on a piece of paper with childââ¬â¢s handwriting. People were arrested, tortured and killed. There is much evidence that consists of documents written by Stalin himself, stating th at more and more people must be murdered. In some cases, numbers of people to be executed without a reason, at a single time, were in hundreds and even thousands. There were lists that were given to Stalin and he was using only his own judgment to decide peopleââ¬â¢s fate. Some people he would choose to torture for longer periods of time, others were ordered to be executed by the firing squad. Another sad fact is that people who were instrumental in catching innocent public were later killed themselves, so their trials or any form of justice became impossible. This sort of treatment of the nation had a major effect on the well being of the USSR. By some counts, more than one million people were killed within a year. There were also numerous concentration camps where people spent years working and dying in the process. Even the families of those politically repressed were considered ââ¬Å"public enemiesâ⬠, without exception of women or little children. Such families had no c hoice but to move from place to place, without any legal work, education or a place to live. The organization that was carrying out Stalinââ¬â¢s orders was called NKVD which was an underground uniform system not unlike KGB. It had a full authority over the lives of people and connections in all institutions. Stalin was so possessed with his idea to kill off as many intelligent and ââ¬Å"dangerousâ⬠to his own shortcomings people as he could, that even those within NKVD were victims of the regime.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Battles and wars specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A large part of the world is unaware that Stalin was much worse than Hitler and other tyrants, as he was killing people in his own nation, in great numbers and for the most immoral reasons. Later, after the regime changed and Stalin was gone, there were many archives that were still kept secret. KGB came into being and some form of si milar activity was still taking place. National Socialism is a form of a public system or regime which united socialism with significant amount of nationalism and racism. It is built on an ideology that it is the only true order and should be supported at all cost. One of the examples of National Socialism is the Third Reich where it was the major and official ideology. Internally, there were several divisions, such as socialism, nationalism, racism, Fascism and anti-Semitism. The major goal of National Socialism was to create and ensure that a large territory of a nation was cleaned out of all people who were not of Arian race. National Socialism is often thought to be one of the versions of totalitarianism which would exist for long periods of time. Adolf Hitler was the one who started the movement of National Socialism which later evolved into Nazism. The reason why Hitler was able to gain support from so many people was because he offered unity and strength to the nation. He mad e the public feel as if Germany was being mistreated by the rest of the world and the population must rise against such unfair treatment. When National Socialism appeared, it was closely connected to communism. In the end, the two regimes were both part of a two-poled system of the development of human society. It was a capitalist world where the collective common good of society was trying to reach a similar end- to build a utopian world. Communism was promising to make all people on the planet equal and destroy all differences between classes and the powerful, whereas National Socialism would only create utopia for the selected ones, according to the race and at the price of the lives of others. Fascism is a unified term that entails most right wing political movements and ideologies. It is characterized by a dictator-like type of ruling where nationalism, militarism and totalitarianism are its major directions. It originated in Italy with Mussolini who wanted to unite the nation using violence.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fascism does not accept any form of thinking or morality different from that, reflected in its own ideologies. Fascism was Hitlerââ¬â¢s way of ruling and became the moving force in the Second World War and the Holocaust. His idea was not to reinforce and better the nation but to create it all over again from scratch. One of the reasons for Fascism is the economical crisis, which is used by the person in power to unite the masses with a seemingly noble cause. The military and orderly nature of Fascism gave it even more strength, as well as a sense of belonging. This led much of the young population of Germany to want to be a part of a large movement, united by the ââ¬Å"honorableâ⬠cause. The difference between National Socialism and Fascism is that Fascism uses extremely militant and violent ways, and it does not accept any socialism or capitalism, basing everything on one ideology. The similarity is based on the dominance of one race and the totality of the regime. Unfortu nately, National Socialism leads to Nazism which eventually, leads to Fascism, so the connection is obvious. In all instances, peopleââ¬â¢s and nationââ¬â¢s critical state is used to unify public masses against all other nations and even the whole world. Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-55008828382620545132020-03-01T14:27:00.001-08:002020-03-01T14:27:03.100-08:00The Difference Between an Informative Essay and a Descriptive EssayThe Difference Between an Informative Essay and a Descriptive Essay The Difference Between an Informative Essay and a Descriptive Essay Essays help gauge a writerââ¬â¢s understanding of a topic, and many teachers require students to submit them as part of their academic curriculum. Essays can improve both written and communication skills, improving a personââ¬â¢s spelling and grammar. In an academic setting, informative essays are usually the most likely to be assigned. However, they are often confused with descriptive essays; both communicate with their audience. Read on to understand the difference between an informative essay and a descriptive essay: Informative Essay This is a piece of writing that educates the reader about a specific topic. An informative essay takes a neutral stand, much like a journalism piece. It doesnââ¬â¢t present arguments or try to persuade the reader to change their opinions or beliefs. It presents facts. Descriptive Essay A descriptive essay gives the readers a vivid depiction of a person, event, object, or place. A good descriptive essay is not necessarily based on statistics and facts, but on an artistic representation of a specific topic. The goal is to give the reader a well-rounded impression of what you are trying to convey. How to Tell the Difference While it may seem difficult to differentiate between an informative essay and a descriptive one, they each have distinctive features: An informative essay is focused on research-based facts and statistics, while a descriptive essay allows the writer more artistic freedom of expression. An informative essay is strictly objective, while a descriptive essay may depend on the perception of the writer. For example, if youââ¬â¢re writing about about the history of Niagara Falls, it would be considered an informative essay. On the other hand, writing about the beauty of the Falls would be considered a descriptive piece. Essay-writing Tips Choose your topic When considering your essay topic, choose a subject you find interesting. A topic that is either too broad or difficult to cover may not be a good choice. Instead, narrow your subject to address a specific question or issue. This also keeps readers engaged and helps them understand what youââ¬â¢re trying to convey. Stay faithful to the essay type Knowing the difference between an informative and descriptive essay will help you comply with the assignment, ensuring that you have a greater understanding of the essayââ¬â¢s ultimate goal. When writing an informative essay, stick to well-researched facts. Review whether the sources you cite are reliable. When writing a descriptive essay, be creative with the words you use. Be mindful that everything is written correctly: review grammar, spelling, and word usage. Incorporate the five senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch) when writing your descriptive piece. Edit your work more than once Your first draft will not be perfect, and thatââ¬â¢s okay. Reread your piece and determine how it can be improved. You may wish to ask a trusted friend, fellow student, or loved one to go over what youââ¬â¢ve written to help determine areas that need strengthening. Some students find essay writing difficult, but when youââ¬â¢ve done your research and have chosen a topic that interests you, it can be enjoyable and informative. offers assistance with essay writing at any level. Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-86279776299908179832020-02-14T05:54:00.001-08:002020-02-14T05:54:02.592-08:00The Network Society - How Has It Changed in Humans' Work And Interacti Essay - 1The Network Society - How Has It Changed in Humans' Work And Interaction - Essay Example Communication networks are inseparable from network society (Yang & Bergrud, 2008). Without digital communication, there is no real basis for a network society. We are living in the 21st century, without digital transfer of knowledge, information, news, finances, messages, there will be huge incoordination between the pace of electronic media and the fabric of society. Manuel Castells even goes to the length of saying that without accounting for the tools (electronic facilities like the internet) there is no possibility of comprehending or depicting the society (Yang & Bergrud, 2008). Network society is a blessing at one hand but it also creates some complications. The network can become very complex as digital information is readily available (billions of dollars can be transferred from one bank account to another by pressing ENTER of the computer keyboard). For this to work for the administration and public, all departments and sections of the society need to work in cooperation. Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-89090344212065649662020-02-01T17:17:00.001-08:002020-02-01T17:17:03.153-08:00Reading response papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsReading response papers - Essay Example Merit is key factor for gaining status and even kings have to prove themselves to remain in that position. They place less importance on metals like gold, silver, iron etc. but extensively use their fertile land for cereal crops etc. Their main wealth is under sized live stocks which they value and also use them as trade exchange. They conduct all their public and private business being armed. They believe in monogamy but chiefs can take more wives so as to strengthen tribal power. The feuds and friendships come as legacy. They have different punishment for varying crimes. They welcome all invited and uninvited guests with same fervour. Gaul, Chatti, Uspi, Tencteri etc. were tribes which initially resided across the rivers and mountains but are now considered within the Germania boundary. Chhatti men do not cut their hair and beard till and wear iron ring as a mark of servitude till they kill a man to repay the debt to their parents. Freedom of Germany is paramount to all Germans which they ensure by being constantly prepared for Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-47097324375145948382020-01-24T13:41:00.001-08:002020-01-24T13:41:04.212-08:00The Impact of the Media on anti-Communist Sentiment and the Palmer Raidà à à à After World War One and the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, fear of communism was escalating in America. Everybody seemed to fear the so-called ââ¬Å"Red Menaceâ⬠, a term introduced by Edgar J. Hoover. Partnering with Hoover was a man named A. Mitchell Palmer, head of the Justice Department. Palmer became a leader in the fight against communism. He most likely was prompted by being a target of one of the infamous 1919 bombings (Dumenil 220). Palmer wanted to be known as the embodiment of Americanism, fighting all that threatened our society. He also had future hopes of running for theà Presidency. With anti-communistic attitudes building throughout the country, Palmer rounded up 500 federal agents on the night of January 2nd, 1920 to sweep through various towns in America capturing ââ¬Å"redsâ⬠. These were called the Palmer Raids. Thousands of immigrants were arrested and held without due process. They were given no rights when arrested and their homes were raided without warrants. Eventually 240 immigrants were deported to Russia as a result of these raids. à à à à The people of America were afraid their way of life was being threatened by the communists. Overwhelming fear of communism seemed to capture the whole attitude of our country in the early 1920ââ¬â¢s. The fuel to this fire against communism, would have to be the media. I believe the media caused an escalation in the anti-Communist feelings during the times leading up to and during the Palmer Raids. à à à There are many ways the media influences society, but in the 1920ââ¬â¢s the main source was newspapers. The New York Times was one of the most popular and prestigious papers of this time and also one of the most influential. Many people had fait in what they read and never second gu... ... Guest, Edward A.à ââ¬Å"Heaven On Earth.â⬠à Detroit Free Press Magazine 11 Jan. 1920: 2 Hoyt, Edwin.à The Palmer Raids, 1919-1920 An Attempt to Suppress Dissent. New York:à The Seabury Press. Murray, Robert. Red Scare: A Study In National Hysteria, 1919-1920. Minnesota: Northà Central Publishing, 1955. ââ¬Å"Reds Plotted Country Wide Strike Arrests Exceeded 5,000, 2,635 Held; 3 Transports Ready For Themâ⬠New York Times 4 Jan 1920: 1 Remelgas, Alexandra. ââ¬Å"News Reporting And Editorial Interpretation Of The Palmer Raids 1919-1920 By Three Detroit Newspapers: A Studyâ⬠Thesis For Degree Of M.A. MSU, 1970, à à Shulam, Alix.à To the Barricades: The anarchist Life Of Emma Goldman. New York.à à Thomas and Crowell Company, 1971. Who Built America, v. II. ââ¬Å"Between to Wars ââ¬â The Palmer Raids.â⬠CD Rom. 25 Januaryà à à à à à à 2000.à http://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/hist409/red.html Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-86256415420542113822020-01-16T10:05:00.001-08:002020-01-16T10:05:03.673-08:00My Problem with Her AngerEnglish W131 Mrs. Dunn 18 October 2012 A Critique of Eric Bartelââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"My Problem with Her Angerâ⬠When most people get married, they go into the marriage with the expectations and hopes that everything will go as planned, that they will always get along, and that the responsibilities will be evenly divided between both spouses. And for two working spouses who have children, they share the expectation that no one parent will be more of a caretaker than the other.Eric Bartels, a feature writer for the Portland Tribune in Portland, Oregon, feels as if he has personal experience as to what it is like to be on the receiving end of his wifeââ¬â¢s irrationalââ¬âor at least in his eyesââ¬âanger. Bartels informs his readers of the anger his wife projects on him, which he believes should be saved for people who are portrayed as angry people and who do not tend to care about the people they are taking their anger out on.While Bartels does a well job at being understanding of where his wife is coming from with all of her anger, he personally does not take any of the blame for the problems in the marriage. Eric Bartels explains how he feels himself to ultimately be the more dominant parent and his wife has much built-up anger that she constantly takes out on him. After working many hours, along with helping to take care of the kids, he gets yelled at by his stressed out wife about the things that he did wrong and the things that he could have done right.Bartels provides probable cause as to why his wife is so angry, such as motherhood and professional success, while also admitting that he did make mistakes before the marriage. Bartels ultimately feels that he does not deserve any of her anger because he has not done anything wrong making her the only one with faults and who is being the harsher one in the marriage. In this article, Eric Bartels does a poor job at showing her side of the story and admitting to lashing out on her every now and then.He only provides the reader with instances where she was the big bad wolf, per say. After bathing his kids and whi le putting the kids to bed, his wife ââ¬Å"walks into the bathroom and scornfully asks no one in particular ââ¬ËWhy is there still water in the bathtub? ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (438). Another time his wife ââ¬Å"stomped into the kitchen as I was cleaning up after a dinner that I may well have cooked and served and announced in angry tones that she needed more help getting the kids ready for bed than I had been providingâ⬠(438).So while his wife is portrayed as this woman who snaps at her husband at any moment she can, he is portrayed as this perfect, innocent little angel who just canââ¬â¢t catch a break. Bartels does not mention instances where she has been on the receiving end. He only points out a few slip ups he had before the marriage, such as ââ¬Å"I would occasionally lose my cool, kicking a cooler door closed or angrily sending an empty bottle smashing into a bin with an ear-splitting explosionâ⬠).So although he admits that he had a bad past and lost his cool bef ore the marriage, he doesnââ¬â¢t take any fall for the marriage issues and wrongly blames his wife for it all. While Bartels does a poor job at owning up to any of the tension in the marriage, he does understand where his wife is coming from with her anger. He understands the hardships of marriage by saying ââ¬Å"I think itââ¬â¢s fairly well established by now that marriage is a challenge, a creaky, old institution that may not have fully adapted itself to modern life, one that now fails in this country more often than not.Put children in the picture and you have an exponentially higher degree of difficultyâ⬠(439). He also understands the troubles caused from motherhood by saying ââ¬Å"Motherhood asks the modern woman, who has grown up seeing professional success as hers for the taking, to add the loss of a linear career path to an already considerable burden: child rearing, body issues, a shifting self-image and a husband who fell off his white horse long, long ago. I suppose this would make anyone angryâ⬠(439).So although he does not approve of her anger and is not pleased by it, he understands why she might have so much built up anger that she feels the need to take out on her husband. So in essence, he is arguing fairly. When Eric Bartels decided to get married, he was not aware of all of the problems that would arise and the wrath that he would experience from his wife. Bartels informs his readers of the anger his wife projects on him, which he believes should be saved for people who are portrayed as angry eople and who do not tend to care about the people they are taking their anger out on. While Bartels does a well job at being understanding of where his wife is coming from with all of her anger, he personally does not take any of the blame for the problems in the marriage. Even though his wife is very bitter for certain reasons, Bartels still loves his wife and is willing to make things work in the end. Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-49770224145167155952020-01-08T06:28:00.001-08:002020-01-08T06:28:02.444-08:00The Evolution Of The Field Of Nursing Essay - 1306 Words In the past century, almost every career choice has evolved over time in some type of way, but none as much as the nursing field. There is no question or doubt that in the next years to come that there will be additional changes and development in the field of nursing. Nursing has now evolved to become an ââ¬Å"art and a science.â⬠The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact on the evolution of nursing, changes over the years and the implication on todayââ¬â¢s nursing profession. To understand nursing and where it began, it is important to mention a key pioneer in nursing by the name of Florence Nightingale. She worked countlessly to improve the sanitary conditions in the hospital in the Crimean War in 1854. She not only changed the way people viewed nursing and the profession, she decreased the death rate from 42% to 2% as a result of health care reforms that emphasized sanitary conditionâ⬠(Cherry, B., Jacob, S. R., 2014). Her improvements in the war led to opening the first nursing school where nurses were professionally trained on ââ¬Å"environmental cleanlinessâ⬠which she introduced principles of asepsis and infection control (Cherry, B., Jacob, S. R., 2014). She helped to pave the way for actual nursing training and education which provided a foundation for nurses today. Nightingale is a leading pioneer in the evolution of nursing and she changed the work status of nurses from domestic work to becoming one of the most needed professions in the world. Mary Seacole wasShow MoreRelatedThe IOMs Report on the Transforming Dimensions of Nursing908 Words à |à 4 PagesThe IOMs Report on the Transforming Dimensions of Nursing Introduction: As a medical community, our knowledge, our practices and our technologies are in a constant state of evolution. While this means that we constantly improve our abilities to treat patients and improve health outcomes, we must also remain abreast of a field that is often changing at a rapid pace. This is a condition which especially applies to nursing professionals, who must navigate the front lines of this fast-paced industryRead MoreThe Importance of Theory1612 Words à |à 7 Pagesfound in general nursing units. The intent of this paper is to give a brief history of the evolution of nursing and how the practice of nursing has evolved into a theory based profession. The next section, Bennerââ¬â¢s theory, Novice to Expert, will contain an analysis of the key concepts of the theory and how this theory relates to the nursing metaparadigm. The third section will illustrate how Bennerââ¬â¢s theory is applied in clinical practice and outline the roles of nurses, nursing leadership and nurseRead MorePractice Of Nursing1517 Words à |à 7 Pagespassage of time practice of nursing is constantly fetching vibrant and is projected to experience remarkable evolution and modification. Auspiciously, the revolution is going to bring lots of prospects that will be linked to a greater role that nurses have to play. This is not restricted to acute care settings like hospitals however is going to outspread to other settings. 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The American Association of the Colleges of Nursing (2006) defined a masterââ¬â¢s degree in nursing as ââ¬Å"the educational core that allows advanced practice nurses to work as certi fied nurse anesthetist,Read MoreNursing Informatics Analysis Essay909 Words à |à 4 Pagesnecessary to compile and retrieve patient information in an efficient manner. Thus, the Nursing Informaticist is born. Nursing Informatics (NI) is the very heart of the nursing field, saving and enriching the quality of lives everyday. Informaticists engage in various aspects of patient care, essentially acting as a liaison between the nursing and technical worlds. In this report, you will find an analysis of nursing informatics within the healthcare system. This informational report examines the Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-29064975412358683152019-12-31T02:54:00.001-08:002019-12-31T02:54:02.851-08:00Views, Values and Contexts Essay on Jane Eyre - 1072 Words Jane Eyre is primarily a critique of social elitism. Discuss. Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â¬â¢s novel, Jane Eyre was produced in the Victorian era, when social elitism was in its prime and there was great segregation between the upper and lower estates. The former was composed of the clergy and nobility and was defined by wealth, privileges and lavish lifestyles. The middle class, conversely, were the most frustrated by the exclusiveness of the upper estate. Possessing skill, intelligence and assertiveness, they believed that rank and power should derive from talent and merit, rather than from noble birth. Through the demonisation and infliction of a tragic downfall upon ââ¬Å"Master Reedâ⬠, Brontà « condemns the life of pleasure and honour, the lifelongâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦John Reed believes the aristocracy to be innately superior, with the right to subjugate lesser classes. Brontà « implements John Reedââ¬â¢s fleshiness and ââ¬Å"sallownessâ⬠as a visual representation of tyranny, demonising the unvalidated preconceptio n that aristocrats may subordinate anyone hierarchically inferior to them. Additionally, John Reedââ¬â¢s physically repulsive appearance demonstrates his gluttony and constant pursuit of insatiable pleasures, foreshadowing him to become nothing more than a ââ¬Å"dissipated young manâ⬠in future years, ââ¬Å"ruin[ing] his health and his estateâ⬠, getting ââ¬Å"into debt and into jailâ⬠, ultimately ââ¬Å"kill[ing] himselfâ⬠. By demonising and inflicting a tragic downfall upon John Reed, Brontà « exposes the vulgarity of the life of pleasure and honour sought by aristocrats, asserting that absence of virtuous activity results in absence of virtuous character. Brontà « therefore demands that the Victorian social structure be reformed, as the nobility are excessively privileged and insufficiently burdened. Furthermore, Brontà « champions the lower clergy and condemns the upper clergy, the former for their altruism and virtuous activity and the latter for their likeness to the nobility. Early on in the narrative, Jane discovers that her father was a clergyman who contracted the typhus fever while ââ¬Å"among the poorâ⬠, and who her mother married despite the will of her friends and family, being ââ¬Å"cut â⬠¦ off without a shillingâ⬠. Jane backstory, for which Bessie and Miss AbbotShow MoreRelatedEssay about Jane Eyre Ap Question861 Words à |à 4 PagesKwist AP English Literature and Composition Quinn April 1, 2013 Jane Eyre: AP Question Essay ââ¬Å"Writers often highlight the values of a culture or a society by using characters who are alienated from that culture or society because of gender, race, or creed. Choose a play or novel in which such a character plays a significant role and show how that characters alienation reveals the surrounding societys assumptions and moral values.â⬠Women who had no claim to wealth or beauty received the harshestRead MoreWide Sargasso Sea By Charlotte Bronte1989 Words à |à 8 Pages Jean Rhys published her novel ââ¬ËWide Sargasso Seaââ¬â¢. The story depicts the life of Antoinette Cosway, her marriage to a mysterious Englishman, and her eventual descent into madness. The story is a prequel to ââ¬ËJane Ayreââ¬â¢ by Charlotte Brontà «, and gives the woman in the attic a voice. This essay looks at the use of narrative in ââ¬ËWide Sargasso Seaââ¬â¢, and evaluates how this informs the interpreted meaning of the text. The style of the delivery of the plot is an important aspect of literature. The way inRead MoreBeing the Meat in the Sandwich: Implications of the double colonisation of empire and patriarchy by the female characters in Wide Sargasso Sea2201 Words à |à 9 Pagescolonialist] assumptions, subverting the text for post-colonial purposesââ¬â¢. (Tiffin, 1987) Such a revolutionary literary project is evidently realised in Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys, a prequel that ââ¬Ëwrites back the centreââ¬â¢ of Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â¬â¢s Jane Eyre (1847). Rhys is categorical about her conscious authorial intention: ââ¬ËI immediately thought Id write a story as it (the story of Bertha/Antoinette) might really have been.ââ¬â¢ (Rhys, 1986) The novel revitalizes Bronteââ¬â¢s Bertha Mason, the madwoman inRead MoreWomen s Unequal Portrayal, And The Struggle For Identity Of Female Writers1777 Words à |à 8 PagesIn this essay I will examine the ideas behind womenââ¬â¢s unequal p ortrayal, and the struggle for identity of female writers. Before recently, most published writers were male, so representation was obviously one-sided. Literacy in the ancient worlds was limited anyway, and few that could write were female. Oral culture is undervalued, though, because folktales were predominantly passed down by women. Religion played a huge part in early misrepresentation. Plato laid the philosophical foundations forRead More The Bildungsroman Genre Essay4241 Words à |à 17 Pagesfiction in the last two centuries has taken this form and, therefore, constitute part of the history of the novel in the world. Great Expectations (1860-1861), written by the English author Charles Dickens, and Emma (1926), by another English author, Jane Austen, can be analysed under this perspective. Througout Dickensââ¬â¢ novel, Pip, the main character, goes through many changes in his personality to eventually coming to terms with his own actions. Austenââ¬â¢s novel deals with a female character, Emma,Read MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words à |à 30 Pageswhich makes the protagonist leave on his journey. In a Bildungsroman, the goal is maturity, and the protagonist achieves it gradually and with difficulty. The genre often features a main conflict between the main character and societ y. Typically, the values of society are gradually accepted by the protagonist and he/she is ultimately accepted into society ââ¬â the protagonist s mistakes and disappointments are over. In some works, the protagonist is able to reach out and help others after having achievedRead MoreStructuralism and Interpretation Ernest Hemingways Cat in Ther Ain9284 Words à |à 38 PagesGreimas, Levi-Strauss, Todorov and Barthes, among others. Crucial to this tradition of enquiry are the ideas of function and transformation. In the theory of Greimas for instance, all narrative consists essentially of the transfer of an object or value from one actant to another. An actant performs a certain function in the story which may be classified as Subject or Object, Sender or Receiver, Helper or Opponent, and is involved in doing things which may be classified as performative (tests, strugglesRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words à |à 96 Pagesmeasuresââ¬âtest scores and gradesââ¬âwer e most important Ohio Wesleyan University Writing Center à © 2011 Page 1 and used the statement of purpose for borderline decisions. However, of liberal arts faculty who responded, approximately half valued the essays as much as other parts of the application package. ï⠷ Determine the importance of the mentor system. The importance of the statement of purpose increases, as Robert M. Brown notes, at institutions with strong mentoring programs ââ¬â¢because it is the only Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-83411895468543716132019-12-22T22:40:00.001-08:002019-12-22T22:40:03.377-08:00Aristotele V Sartre Essay - 2122 Words Does human nature really exist? Is there such thing as life purpose? And how is happiness achieved? These are some of the question that has been puzzling philosophers since the beginning of time. In this essay I am going to explain how the Greek philosopher Aristotle and the more contemporary French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre related to these questions. Letââ¬â¢s begin with discussing human nature. The concept itself is believed to have originated with Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Plato who first introduced the idea of ââ¬Ëformsââ¬â¢ (by form they referred to the essences of all objects, the very thing that defines them, humans included, and without which the object in question would and could not be what it is) and linked thatâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦A God which is immaterial, infinite, eternal and the essence of all forms. The beginning of all causes (hence the ââ¬ËUnmovedââ¬â¢ reference). And although some of his view were later on shared by so me on the major monotheistic religions such a Christianity and Judaism, he did not believe that God was involved with the affairs of humans but was merely an observer of creation and therefore of itself. ââ¬Å"But virtue, like Nature itself, is more accurate and better than any art; virtue therefore will aim at the mean; - I speak of moral virtue, as itââ¬â¢s moral virtue which is concerned with emotions and actions, and it is these which admit of excess and deficiency and the mean. Thus it is possible to go too far, or not go far enough, in respect of fear, courage, desire, anger, pity and pleasure and pain generally, and the excess and the deficiency are alike wrong; but to experience these emotions at the right times and on the right occasions and towards the right person and for the right causes and in the right manner is the mean of the supreme good, which is characteristic of virtue.â⬠(Aristotle) ââ¬Å"Genuine happiness lies in action that leads to virtue, since this alone provides true value and not just amusement.â⬠(Aristotle) ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ we always desire happiness for its own sake and never as a means to something else, whereas we desire honor, pleasure, intellect and every virtue, partly for their own sakes (for we should desire them independently of what might result from them)but Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-17947411931311231102019-12-14T19:10:00.001-08:002019-12-14T19:10:06.032-08:00Making Sense of Change Management, 2nd edition Case studies Free Essays string(189) " respected national association with a long history of success, including managing large numbers of staff in an operation that was noted for its efficiency and its substantial development\." Making Sense of Change Management, 2nd edition Case studies ââ¬â text and questions Contents Case study 1: Aster Group3 Case study text: Aster Group3 Introduction3 History, culture, orientation4 Drivers for change6 Leadership8 No shotgun wedding9 The transition period ââ¬â one year on11 Project management12 Organizational development13 Developing management and leadership capacity and capability14 Case study questions: Aster Group17 Individual change17 Team change17 Organizational change18 Leading change18 Case study 2: The Institute of Public Health in Ireland19 Case study text: The Institute of Public Health in Ireland19 The work of the Institute19 Beginnings20 Initial challenges20 Strategy implementation22 Vision and values22 Leadership style23 Management board24 Working across the border24 Learning25 Case study questions: The Institute of Public Health in Ireland28 Individual change28 Team change28 Organizational change29 Leading change29 Case study 3: The Kitchenware Company30 Case study text: The Kitchenware Company30 Drivers for change31 Taking the bull by the horns32 Leadership33 Moving forward34 Taking stock34 Stakeholders35 Next steps37 Case study questions: The Kitchenware Company38 Individual change38 Team change38 Organizational change39 Leading change39 Case study 4: Biogen Idec40 Case study text: Biogen Idec40 The change42 Data gathering and option generation43 Affiliates and culture change43 Criteria for good change44 The transition45 Case study questions: Biogen Idec46 Individual change46 Team change46 Organizational change47 Leading change47 Case study 1: Aster Group Case study text: Aster Group Introduction The Aster Group is a thriving group of companies providing homes and housing-related services in central Southern and South West England. The Group has assets of over ? 420 million, annual turnover of over ? 65 million and employs over 680 staff. The operating companies own and manage over 15,000 homes and provide services to over 40,000 people. We will write a custom essay sample on Making Sense of Change Management, 2nd edition Case studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Aster Group is one of the Housing Corporationââ¬â¢s Lead Investors and provides development agency services to other organizations and the New Futures partnership of regional and specialist housing associations. Aster Group operating companies have a substantial degree of operational independence but work closely together to gain maximum benefit from their combined strength and resources. Residents and other clients play a strong role in influencing the operation, and surveys show that Aster enjoys high rates of satisfaction with the services it delivers, with around 90 per cent of tenants saying that they are very or fairly satisfied with their landlord. The strong growth over the last three years was recognized in 2006 when Aster Group was given the ââ¬ËBeacon Companyââ¬â¢ award by the South West Regional Development Agency. It is the first housing association, and one of just a few not-for-profit organizations, to have been given this award, which ââ¬Ëbrings together some of the South Westââ¬â¢s most forward thinking and ambitious companies to promote success and spearhead the growth of the regionââ¬â¢. This status is given to companies that can demonstrate outstanding achievement across a range of criteria. In Asterââ¬â¢s case the rapid growth and influence of the Group was a factor in its nomination. Other companies can turn to Beacon Companies for examples of leadership and business performance. Housing Corporation Assessment for Aster Group Viable The Group meets the expectations set out in the Regulatory Code in terms of financial viability. Properly governed The governing body gives effective leadership and control, has a wide range of skills and experience and, supported by appropriate governance and executive arrangements, is improving its own performance and that of the organization. Properly managed The Group generally meets the standard expected given the context in which it works and the available resources. Development The association demonstrates a good performance by achieving or exceeding its annual targets, maintaining good progress against targets during the year and delivering quality housing that meets our standards. (Housing Corporationââ¬â¢s assessment, June 2006, http://www. housingcorp . gov. uk/) History, culture, orientation The Aster Groupââ¬â¢s history can be traced back over a decade when Sarsen Housing Association was born out of a housing stock transfer from the Local Authority. The Local Authority Director of Housing became the new Chief Executive and a board was set up comprising four tenants, three representatives from the Council and eight independent people from the business and community. For five years the Association focused on delivering on its original promise of improving homes to modern standards whilst keeping rents stable. Sarsen was efficient and effective in its operation. As a result it was able to begin to generate revenue surpluses in 2004, three years earlier than envisaged in the original plan. Both the board and the management then realized that they needed to develop their strategy further. The board and the Chief Executive quickly became more entrepreneurial and began to seek out opportunities for growth and development. So, for example, during 1997 they began new initiatives ââ¬â ââ¬Ëcare and repairââ¬â¢ for elderly people, developing new homes outside their original base and putting their toe in the water of market renting being just three. This was evolutionary change but they were beginning to be more confident of their capabilities and began to ask the more strategic question of where they might go from here. Aster was 110th in the league table of housing associations, with 5,000 housing units. A relatively medium-sized association, to be in the top 50 it would have to grow to 10,000 units. Sadly the Chief Executive died suddenly in November 2001, sending a shockwave through the organization. The new Chair, John Heffer, had been in place just a week. Appointing an interim Chief Executive from in-house Aster began to look for someone to lead it who was entrepreneurial, pacesetting, had a track record but who would work with its values and its staff. One of those short-listed ââ¬â Richard Kitson ââ¬â wanted to know from his side whether Sarsen was ambitious, keen, prepared to take calculated risks and adventurous. A match had been made. Richard had experience within the public sector ââ¬â leading and growing a local authority housing service, and within the housing association world ââ¬â managing the fastest-growing region of a well respected national association with a long history of success, including managing large numbers of staff in an operation that was noted for its efficiency and its substantial development. You read "Making Sense of Change Management, 2nd edition Case studies" in category "Essay examples" He also had prior industry credibility as the President of the Chartered Institute of Housing. Sarsen entered its second transition period as it moved further away from the local authority world, shedding a rather bureaucratic culture. One of the first tasks was to create a group structure to facilitate the growth that was the emerging strategic theme. One or two senior people left, of their own accord, and this provided the opportunity to recruit senior people with an ethos of not only delivering a stable high quality housing service but also those with an eye on proactivity, seizing development opportunities nd the continuous improvement of existing services together with a move towards creating innovative new products and services. The organization turned more outward, making connections, using its networks to get business, establishing a reputation with its stakeholders and attracting new blood into the organization. A formal new group structure was created in the autumn of 2003 and a new top team was formed with new teams underneath them. Silbury Group had been launched. An important focus was to increase the capacity and capability across the organization. This required shifting the culture away from the traditional local government mindset. New members were recruited to the Group board, which became a blend of the old and the new, and a management development programme was launched for the top 30 managers. Individual managers and groups of staff were asked what the key organizational issues were and this in turn informed the design of the development programme. A theme throughout this period was the relative stability of the board. There was a clear demarcation between executive management functions (the management team) and the governance (the board) and working relationships were always excellent. The board did change over time as the Group grew. It had to cope with governance issues over an ever increasing range of activities ââ¬â hence one of the reasons to adopt a group structure, which enabled the different companies to be managed and have effective governance. And of course the board sought to get the requisite variety of people onto it with a mix of skills appropriate to the businesses being overseen. Interestingly the board was not committed to growth for growthââ¬â¢s sake. In Johnââ¬â¢s words, ââ¬ËWe are not bothered about being big but about being the best, and if growth can add to economies of scale and synergies then so much the better. Drivers for change There were a number of internal and external drivers for change: â⬠¢ the continuing shift away from a local authority culture to one of an autonomous not-for-profit business; â⬠¢ the untimely death of the Chief Executive and consequential re-evaluation of strategy and need to appoint a new chief executive; â⬠¢ the Housing Association world continuing to grow with the creation of organizations receiving the housing stock of local authorities, a particular feature of South East and South West England. This change was significantly increasing competition in the sector; â⬠¢ a continuing housing crisis in the UK with house prices increasing dramatically year on year and not enough new homes being built to satisfy demand; â⬠¢ migration of older people to the South and South West of the country looking to retire with affordable housing but also the necessary services for their population group; and â⬠¢ a pivotal event was the Housing Corporationââ¬â¢s decision to restrict the number of associations it did business with. Rather than invest in over 350 separate organizations it decided to restrict itself to investing in around 70. Silbury had been 110th in the league so therefore needed to redouble its efforts to grow. A number of growth strategies were considered but two seemed to be paramount ââ¬â the development team had been acquiring land and building new homes and was continuing to prove successful at that. But the board also began to think in terms of partnering, mergers or acquisition. They considered a number of associations informally but there were obvious reasons for not moving ahead ââ¬â too different geographies, unaligned systems and processes and strategies, and different world views. However they became a preferred partner in their own right, scraping in at number 69 out of 71. The Role of the Housing Corporation The Housing Corporation is responsible for investing public money in housing associations which are registered with the Corporation (legally known as Registered Social Landlords) to provide homes that meet the needs set out in local and regional strategies and, through regulation, for protecting that investment and ensuring that it provides decent homes and services for residentsâ⬠¦ to encourage innovation and good practice and to promote improved performance. The growth agenda had been set and they started actively to seek out potential partners. They already had links with one similar sized organization and both Chief Executives, Board Chairs and Vice-Chairs had a number of informal meetings to see if there was a match. All were keen on exploring each otherââ¬â¢s philosophies and the degree of compatibility. This wasnââ¬â¢t just six people, it was who they represented. The informal meetings became formal and then there was widespread consultation with all stakeholders ââ¬â especially tenantsââ¬â¢ representatives and staff. Testway ââ¬â the other association ââ¬â set 20 criteria for the selection of a merger partner. The two Chief Executives realized they needed to acknowledge that there would be winners and losers from individualsââ¬â¢ and different teamsââ¬â¢ perspectives. This led to some tricky but open discussions ââ¬â ââ¬Ëletââ¬â¢s think about this and come up with an acceptable formulaââ¬â¢. They also agreed that a group structure would work best with a continuing fair degree of autonomy for individual businesses. All key players were involved and those people most likely affected were engaged. As the grouping became more and more likely the meetings of necessity became more formal, but from the inception of the idea staff in both organizations were given full updates and asked to contribute their views. Managers recognized the need to disseminate information and build confidence throughout the new Group. So, when in April 2005 the grouping happened it seemed that no one really noticed ââ¬â it was effected with the minimal degree of disruption. The Aster Group had taken off. Following the successful grouping the board were becoming more and more comfortable with the decisions of the Chief Executive and fully supported him when, for example, he formed a working partnership with a black and minority ethnic housing association in an urban area ââ¬â away from Asterââ¬â¢s heartland. He also pushed for becoming one of the four strategic partners in an important sub-regional configuration of urban local authorities. Aster was bidding against national and established competition but was short-listed and successful, being described as coming with ââ¬ËA fresh approach and a good teamââ¬â¢. Currently it is a major player in the region and another housing association has since joined the Group. Leadership Although the previous Chief Executive had led the Association out of local authority control to being a stable housing association in its own right, he had done this with a rather autocratic management style. Richard Kitson was determined to move the organization away from that. A rather coercive style ââ¬â useful in some situations ââ¬â can lead to a risk-averse culture and create dependency upon its leader. Creativity and innovation can also be stifled. There were elements of all of these in the previous culture. Richard managed this transition carefully. On the one hand he relied on voices from outside to feed back to staff and managers inside what sort of leader he was; and on the other hand he engaged in regular and open conversations with staff and all managers. Naturally they were apprehensive at first but, through staff briefings, conferences, small group and individual discussions, they saw that here was a man they could trust and follow, and who was open to ways in which they could contribute to the future. His initial style can be described as pace setting ââ¬â knowing where he wants to go, having the intellectual firepower to argue his corner, encouraging people around him to participate in creating the future, leading from the front and by example and taking people with him. What was interesting was how the culture as a result shifted from one of, ââ¬ËWe donââ¬â¢t normally do thisââ¬â¢ or, ââ¬ËIââ¬â¢m not sure we can do thatââ¬â¢ to one of, ââ¬ËLetââ¬â¢s tryââ¬â¢ and, ââ¬ËI think we can win this contract. ââ¬â¢ In the longer term Richard is aware that he needs to spread the leadership across the senior management more and down into the organization. His challenge is to sustain the success by becoming a leader who is primarily a facilitator or enabler and also to continue to build the leadership capacity throughout all parts of the Group. The relationship between CEO and Chairman has been a critical success factor. They share similar viewpoints and both operate on the basis of no surprises for each other. Once convinced of the otherââ¬â¢s arguments they are both willing to promote the arguments. The board seeks to challenge and test the ideas and suggestion from the management team and once satisfied that the thinking has been rigorous enough they tend to be happy for the managers to proceed. The Aster Board mirrors the Aster GMT in that they are focused on longer term strategic issues rather than this yearââ¬â¢s bottom line. And as such the operating businesses have considerable autonomy in terms of day-to-day operations. No shotgun wedding Testway had a somewhat different route to the grouping. John Spens as Chief Executive had steered the association out of local authority control just four years before, delivery of a premier housing service to its tenants being a primary aim. For Testway the first three years after the housing stock transfer was one of finding its feet, establishing its reputation and credibility and also, in a sense, discovering its new identity. By the spring of 2003 there was some pressure for change ââ¬â managers and board members were beginning to ask what was next in the strategic picture. They recognized their vulnerability due to their size. The initial impetus of the transfer had made them fully aware that they hadnââ¬â¢t transferred out of local authority control just to stand still. They spent some time with an external adviser working out strategic options for the future. Their deliberations started by taking a long hard look at their internal capabilities and assessing the current and future market and external environment. Through a combination of an ongoing working party and a series of board away days they developed the following options: 1. Stay as we are. 2. Stay as we are plus increased development activity. 3. Stay as we are plus increased development activity plus acquiring other local authority stock. 4. Growth through merger. They concluded that if they could find the right partner then the fourth option was the best. It was at this time that the Housing Corporation announced its intention to limit the number of its strategic partners (external driver) and also, following a number of performance issues, it was decided to replace its development team (internal driver). Informal links were made with the neighbouring Silbury, which offered help resourcing the development function. Continuing in that vein of cooperation, the two Chief Executives started to seriously discuss the possibility of closer working between the two associations. The grouping criteria were agreed and both parties looked at whether there was indeed a match. The other partner needed to be: â⬠¢ of equal size (and equal partners); â⬠¢ an active developer; â⬠¢ high performing: ââ¬â upper quartile ââ¬â meeting Housing Corporation Key Performance Indicators ââ¬â low rent arrears ââ¬â efficient turn around of vacant properties ââ¬â good repairs record ââ¬â good rent collection; â⬠¢ reputable (eg with the Housing Corporation); â⬠¢ with a geography that would be different enough to avoid overlap but close enough to produce synergies; â⬠¢ financially strong; â⬠¢ with a natural synergy when it came to attributes such as stability, being a charity and having similar values. The Testway board went through a rigorous process of analysis and assessment of the 35 or so associations within the distance specified and filtered them down to 10. A series of meetings and further appraisal reduced the possibilities down to just three or four. However, there was one clear front runner. The board were already witnessing the two CEOs working well together and trusting one another and they recognized that there was most likely a good cultural fit. Staff and tenants were kept updated with open communication and consulted about all of the options. The grouping proposal went through the usual due diligence processes ââ¬â assessing the financial, cultural, commercial and legal risks; the two Annual General Meetings; and a number of board meetings. The difficult issues were put on top of the table (not under the table! ) and discussed, with a clear challenge on the tricky issues ââ¬â ââ¬ËWhatââ¬â¢s best for the business? ââ¬â¢ The grouping was ratified. As a symbol of the beginning of the new organization and to demonstrate that it was a merger of equals a new name was given and Aster was born. The transition period ââ¬â one year on Aster Group is now beyond the honeymoon period. At a high level there was a cultural fit ââ¬â and indeed the set of espoused values are very much values in practice ââ¬â but the devil will always be in the detail and differences have emerged. This is not surprising, given the somewhat different backgrounds, some different attitudes and different sets of competencies. So a period of learning how to live together was experienced. But, continuing the wedding metaphor, they decided against an exit clause or pre-nuptial agreement. The glue in the first few months was the two Chief Executives (or rather the new Chief Executive and his Deputy Chief Executive). They kept the dialogue going as and when differences or issues emerged. Asterââ¬â¢s vision of ââ¬Ëpassion for excellence, pride in performanceââ¬â¢ is encapsulated in its mission to be a leading provider of high quality affordable homes and services and to help create thriving and successful communities. Its business objectives for 2006ââ¬â2009 are: 1. Achieving excellent customer and community focused services. 2. Delivering more new homes. 3. Strengthening the foundations. 4. Maintaining robust businesses. 5. Developing our people. The Group has adopted a set of values that underpins how it operates. These are to be customer responsive, honest, open and true to their word and fair to all. Within this there is a strong emphasis in involving and responding to the needs of customers. (Housing Corporationââ¬â¢s assessment, June 2006, http://www. housingcorp . gov. uk/) On a detail level the cultures, although similar, had different emphases. There were many more similarities than differences, but where there were differences they needed to be identified and discussed and worked through to reach a common understanding and an appropriate way of working together. There were good and bad aspects to each of the cultures, but there was enough openness for people to say, ââ¬ËHang on a minute, letââ¬â¢s talk about thisââ¬â¢. Also there was a difference in life stage ââ¬â one had been autonomous for almost a decade, the other until quite recently had still been wrestling control away from the local authority (which found it hard to relinquish control). A number of binding and bonding interventions have helped the different companies operate alongside each other, managing the ââ¬Ëwhatââ¬â¢s tight ââ¬â whatââ¬â¢s looseââ¬â¢ tension between each other and the centre. An expanded management development programme has brought the senior managers together on a number of occasions and there are clear signs that a new Aster culture is emerging. Many staff ââ¬â often the managers ââ¬â have embraced the change wholeheartedly and have been focused on making things happen by just doing it. Others further away from the decision-making process felt it was more like the proverbial emotional roller-coaster. The pace of change was such that on an emotional level there were a lot of feelings to deal with and on a task level there were quite a number of things that needed doing or clarifying. Whenever a new structure is implemented there are always issues around the difficulties of managing and control ââ¬â where are decisions made, where the power and authority lie, who has clarity about roles and responsibilities. What helped people during this time was the development and communication of a clear strategy, the reflection back of a core set of values that were role-modelled by senior mangers, a sequence of staff briefings and cascades and the establishment of an annual staff conference to celebrate success, involve and engage staff in the future direction and test out ideas. It seems that there has been no period of consolidation ââ¬â the Group grows, other partners seek to join and change continues at a similar fast pace. Project management Both the technical and psychological aspects of the project management of the grouping process were conducted with openness and no hidden agendas. A key question all parties returned to when there were difficult decisions to be made was, ââ¬ËWhatââ¬â¢s good for the business? ââ¬â¢ Staff were asked for their views and ideas about what form the partnering should take. An external project manager was appointed who had the sponsorship of the two Chief Executives. The project manager was called in from outside for a number of reasons: â⬠¢ the project seemed too big for anyone to take ownership of and do their business as usual as well; â⬠¢ they wanted an experienced credible project manager for such a high-profile initiative; and â⬠¢ both associations welcomed an objective third party. The project itself was run along effective best practice project management guidelines with a detailed plan of activities, all tasks having a responsible person owning it and clear reporting procedures. A key wish was for there to be limited staff upheaval, certainly no redundancies, and indeed with the growth agenda, promotion of cross-organization staff opportunities. Terms and conditions differed in the different parts of the Group and whilst some integration has taken place many of the differences are actually down to the varied levels of maturity and development of the businesses and the fact that the same set of policies and procedures wouldnââ¬â¢t necessarily fit across the whole. There no doubt will be convergence over time if appropriate. Part of the process is defining what is tight and what is loose ââ¬â movement towards one integrated IT system makes sense; a coordinating HR function with semi-autonomous units in the businesses might also evolve. Financial control systems and diversity and equality policies emanate out of the centre ââ¬â but financial management is left with individual businesses. A central tenet is to give as much autonomy as possible to individual businesses provided they perform against business plan and budget. Where there is scope for efficiencies and synergies, grab them. Organizational development During the initial period of change prior to the grouping, external consultants were brought in to help Silbury manage organizational change. As part of the mobilization process all managers and a cross-section of all staff were invited to give feedback as to how they saw the organization, what the key issues were and what some of the solutions might be. The following were the main themes to emerge from the discussion groups and interviews with managers. Developing common purpose, values and shared understanding f objectives Some managers and staff were very clear about what the Groupââ¬â¢s vision and values were. Others were not so sure. People needed more clarity about what the new organization would look and feel like in the future. Developing a shared understanding of what sort of organization we need to build for the future People saw the need to further develop the vision and values for the organization through greater communication and engagement, both vertically and across the organization. Managing for growth Balancing the drive for growth whilst maintaining and improving the level of current service emerged as quite a creative tension. Ways had to be found to increase management capacity and capability. Balancing between managing and leading Managers needed to shift the balance from managing the increasing complexity of the Group (planning, organizing, controlling and problem solving) to demonstrating leadership and strategic thought (through setting a direction, aligning people, motivating and inspiring). Where do we need to innovate as managers/management team? More creative and innovative ways of doing things were needed to get to grips with the challenges. That included creating an environment where some risk taking was more acceptable and mistakes were inevitable but could be learnt from. Individual and collective energy Managers needed to be able to match their efficiency (doing things right) with their effectiveness (doing the right things). As roles, responsibilities and structures change the challenge on an organizational level seemed to be, ââ¬ËWhere should managersââ¬â¢ time best be deployed and how much can they empower their staff? Personal responsibility Managers acknowledged the shifting culture and are generally and genuinely signed up to developing it and taking their part in shaping it. However, it might be difficult to step fully into the new role of manager and leader and even more difficult to develop staff to play their part. Developing management and leadership capacity and capability A series of workshops were de signed to address these issues: â⬠¢ to help managers share knowledge and understanding across the whole Group; â⬠¢ to develop skills to better manage change; for managers to understand their management style and the impact it has on others; and â⬠¢ to address the important and pressing issues arising from a dynamic and changing organization. In addition three working groups were set up to: â⬠¢ develop practical ways in which people will ââ¬Ëbuy-inââ¬â¢, own and act out the values; â⬠¢ develop ways for managers to keep their ââ¬Ëfinger on the pulseââ¬â¢ ââ¬â know the key issues emerging for staff and the organization to take action on; and â⬠¢ generate ideas as to how people can take on responsibility and grasp opportunities. Managers and staff were involved, in a variety of ways, with developing the ongoing agenda for change. In addition to the workshops there were staff briefings, staff discussion groups and a staff conference (which now continues annually) where the forward agenda was communicated, ideas generated, and potential obstacles highlighted and worked on collaboratively. A key component of the grouping was the bringing together of all the managers from both organizations. They spent time together over two days addressing the following challenges: meeting and getting to know one anotherââ¬â¢s organizations and ways of working; â⬠¢ developing a shared view of Asterââ¬â¢s strategic opportunities; â⬠¢ identifying some of the practical synergies for individuals and constituent businesses; and â⬠¢ agreeing key lines of ongoing organizational development. As a result of the workshop three working parties were set up, initially with managers from across the Group and then involving staff. The key themes to be addressed were: Direction ââ¬â guided by Asterââ¬â¢s vision and values and taking account of the strengths and weaknesses of the Group, where would you want Aster to be in five yearsââ¬â¢ time? Improvement ââ¬â examine current service improvement practices to confirm, a) whether they are appropriate for Aster Group and, b) how they can better engage and be made more meaningful to staff and customers. People ââ¬â taking account of the staff surveys across Testway and former Silbury Group, examine and made recommendations of what we need to do to make the Aster Group a better place to work. At the time of writing a further housing association has joined and once again managers and staff have been enfolded into the Group. Roles and responsibilities, synergies and business opportunities were all discussed openly and frankly. Whilst still embedding the previous grouping, Mendip Housing Association approached Aster as it was desperately seeking a partner. It needed support, protection, guidance and advice. Aster GMT recognized the resource implication and recruited a dedicated person to deal with these aspects of the Groupââ¬â¢s development. The joining criteria were different for Mendip. Whereas Testway had a reputation for award-winning community development and Silbury had a reputation for development, Mendip had expertise in care and support and the elderly. The process was the same as for Testway/Silbury but was concertinaed into a much shorter timeframe. A key creation has been the concept of the Aster Group Manager ââ¬â someone who not only exhibits good management and leadership within his or her own area of the business but who has rights and responsibilities across the Group both at an operational level (for example, spotting and sharing best practice, efficiencies and economies of scale) and a strategic level (for example, shaping and responding to the external environment and key partners, contributing to leadership thinking and development of strategy across the whole organization). The challenge for the Aster Group going forward is how to maintain momentum n its growth strategy whilst embedding the changes that have already been made; and how to manage change fast enough for the senior management but at the right pace for staff to continue to perform effectively and provide an excellent service to their customers. Of course, since Aster is now the largest in the South West the relationship with the Housing Corporation has changed from one where it was needing to seek attention and probably had very limited influence, to one where it plays an important part in the Corporationââ¬â¢s plans and as such could always pose a risk if it doesnââ¬â¢t perform. Aster very much sees itself as a true partner with the Corporation ââ¬â the challenges now being to continue the growth strategy, staying on the preferred list of partners and having to make year-on-year efficiency savings as laid down by the regulatory authorities. Case study questions: Aster Group Individual change a) If you were a member of staff during these changes what might be some of your worries? b) If you were a manager (not leading the change) at Aster what would be some of your key tasks? Please be as specific as you can. ) Which of the four psychological approaches to change (Behavioural, Cognitive, Psychodynamic and Humanistic) were evident through the change? In what ways do the each of the four approaches inform the change process? Reference can also be made to the following application chapters for input on individual change: 5, 6, 7 and 8 and also chapter 10 Team change a) Can you identify some of the different types of team during this period? How effective do think they were? b) If you were a team manager/leader in Aster what would be some of your key tasks? Be as specific as you can. c) Is there evidence of people going through a team process (such as Tuckmanââ¬â¢s) during the changes? d) Would you have advocated more or less team-work throughout this period of change? Justify your assertions. Reference can also be made to the following application chapters for input on team change 5, 6, 7 and 8 and also chapter 10 Organizational change a) Richard Kitson managed a clear cultural change from ââ¬Ëwe donââ¬â¢t normally do thisââ¬â¢ to ââ¬Ëletââ¬â¢s tryââ¬â¢. Use Beckhard and Harrisââ¬â¢ formula to analyse why and how this change worked. ) The Testway and Silbury corporations were brought together to form one organization. How would this be done if you used the Machine Metaphor to frame this challenge, and how would it be done differently if you used the Political Systems Metaphor? Which metaphor was actually used in Aster to complete the integration of the corporations? Justify your answer. c) If you were advising t he Aster Group on its next steps as an organization, given its future challenges, what advice would you give and why? Use the ideas of Kotter, Senge and Stacey/Shaw to help you. Leading change a) What signs are there of visionary, connective or adaptive leadership in the Aster case study? Which of these types of leadership approach appeared to work best at Aster, or was there another style at play? Give examples, and explain your reasoning. b) How do you think Oââ¬â¢Neillââ¬â¢s four change roles might have been carried out within the Aster story? c) Take each of Golemanââ¬â¢s six leadership styles and say who could have used this style, and to what positive effect within the Aster story. Case Study 2: The Institute of Public Health in Ireland Case study text: The Institute of Public Health in Ireland The Institute of Public Health (IoPH) in Ireland, funded by the respective Departments of Health in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, was established in 1999 to promote cooperation for public health in the whole of Ireland. It was a major cross-border initiative, which emerged at the same time as the Belfast Agreement intended to end the centuries-old conflict. At a high level the Instituteââ¬â¢s remit includes providing public health information and surveillance; strengthening public health capacity; and advising on health policy. In reality it has made its major focus the tackling of inequalities in health across Northern Ireland and the Republic. The Belfast Agreement was signed on 10 April 1998, a Good Friday, hence its unofficial title of the ââ¬ËGood Friday Agreementââ¬â¢. Former US Senator George Mitchell, Canadian General John de Chastelain, and the Finnish ex-Prime Minister Harri Holkeri chaired the multi-party talks that led to the historic Agreement. The participants included the governments of the Republic of Ireland and the UK, and 10 political parties representing unionist, loyalist, nationalist, republican and cross-community constituencies in Northern Ireland. The US President Bill Clinton provided political support and encouragement. The work of the Institute The Institute of Public Health has been engaged in the development of information, policy and practice relating to poverty and health as part of the organizationââ¬â¢s overall commitment to combating health inequalities in Ireland. The Institute uses the World Health Organizationââ¬â¢s definition of health as ââ¬Ëa state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmityââ¬â¢. It also has developed an all-Ireland Population Health Observatory that supports those working to improve health and reduce health inequalities by producing and disseminating health intelligence, and strengthening the research and information infrastructure in Ireland. The Institute firmly believes that the development of strong multi-sector partnerships is a crucial step in tackling inequalities in health. As a result it has developed a framework for partnerships in health and organized the first all-Ireland conference on partnerships for health. It has developed an all-Ireland Leadership Programme to create a network of leaders from different sectors who will work collaboratively and creatively for a healthy society. Over the last five years it has produced publications and reports, held numerous seminars and conferences on key issues in public health, developed innovative and effective programmes and contributed to significant policy developments in Ireland and Northern Ireland. It has worked with a range of partners to bring people and organizations from across Ireland together to promote collective action for sustained improvements in health. Beginnings The original idea for an all-Ireland health body came from the Chief Medical Officer in Northern Ireland who began conversations with his counterpart in the Republic. He identified the need for greater cooperation on health. There was an exploratory small group set up by him and his counterpart. They discussed the idea and its potential for success with a whole range of people across the field, from universities to environmental health. One of the key observations was that people clearly didnââ¬â¢t want any duplication, though something with a low resource and probably with an emphasis on things uncontroversial (ie, not political) such as focusing in on specifics like a register of diseases. The political context was delicate and so the focus at this early stage could only really be about information exchange. Through careful networking and discussions, the civil service and some politicians were eventually won over. The Good Friday Agreement provided the necessary momentum to crystallize the idea and the Institute of Public Health for all Ireland was established ââ¬â the germ of an idea with the starting point of employing just six people from different health professions and seeing what happened. The Directorââ¬â¢s job was advertised later that year. The Institute actively sought someone who would develop the original ideas and move the health agenda forward proactively with limited resource, which was highly credible in the health field but politically astute concerning all the Northââ¬âSouth sensitivities. Jane Wilde was appointed as Director of the Institute in the autumn of 1998. She had been active politically in the Northern Ireland Womenââ¬â¢s Coalition and professionally as Director of the Health Promotion Agency. She had been a consultant in public health and on a health board, having trained both in the UK and the United States. Initial challenges Immediately a number of challenges arose for the Institute. One key issue was where it was to be located ââ¬â in the system, more than geographically. The Republic and Northern Ireland had different jurisdictions, different cultures, different health structures organizationally, different budgetary regimes and time periods and clearly different political institutions. The Institute was to be housed literally and metaphorically within the Royal College of Physicians in Dublin. It was a beautiful building with porticos and marble. However, the Institute hadnââ¬â¢t been allocated any space ââ¬â it had to work from what amounted to a broom cupboard with no windows and a redundant PC. One possibility was to be further absorbed into the Royal College but the College was focused on standards, training and exams. It was steeped in history, some might say rather archaic. Jane conceived of the Institute as being modern, transparent and permeable, facilitative and enabling rather than imposing and laying down the law. For the first six months she went out meeting people all over the island, initially those in the more obvious public health roles. She saw her job as going out and meeting, asking people what they were doing and reassuring them that the Institute was not in competition with them. Her endeavours were generally met with support and warmth. The timing was right as over 80 per cent of the Republicââ¬â¢s population had voted for the Belfast Agreement and there was a strong feeling of wanting this Northââ¬âSouth process to begin. Health was a relatively non-contentious issue so it had the possibility of progression. Although the Director initially knew only a few key people in the Republic the Chief Medical Officer acted as her chief sponsor, engaging her in conversations and meetings. She had had a credible track record and indeed, first by listening to people and then explaining what they were willing and able to do, people became interested and wanted to be involved. Concurrently the organizationââ¬â¢s infrastructure was developed. Technology, web and internet, e-mail and other lines of communication were established. Recruitment processes were set in motion, and budgetary, purchasing and financial systems established. It became clear that the future of the Institute required independence to set its own direction. During this initial time people were recruited based on what they could contribute and deliver on certain things, rather than from what profession they came. It was during this period also that the Director and her emerging team began to shift the focus away from just providing advice and information towards tackling health inequalities, though not straying from the original remit. There was a certain nervousness at having it as a main aim but the Institute was convinced that its focus should be on the wider determinants of health, highlighting the inter-connections between transport, housing, education and social networks, and how these are intimately connected with health and well-being. Initially radical, the approach is now more widely accepted. This set the scene for the Institute to be involved in areas outside the usual health arenas. It was going beyond the disease model, using systems thinking and seeing its place in the whole system. It recognized that it had a small place in the system, with little responsibility or executive power. It had its ambitions for influencing and impacting health inequalities without becoming a gigantic bureaucratic institution. Of course the more you start to become successful the greater the demands on your limited resources. One of the key philosophies of the IoPH was to be innovative and light many fires across the health scene. That suggested there would always be this tension between concentrating on running the successful projects and continuing to develop and implement new ideas and initiatives. Strategy implementation The strategy development process involved a lot of time together with the new team. It involved stakeholder mapping and brainstorming, and shaping the future possibilities within the context of understanding future needs and possible scenarios. These were then shaped up into work programmes, which were generally cross-cutting themes rather than one or two specialist areas ââ¬â such as developing a diabetes register ââ¬â which might have been too limiting. This was partly looking at the longer term and positioning the Institute in the context of the wider health picture ââ¬â it could easily have got bogged down in just one important time-consuming initiative. It decided to operate more at a ââ¬Ëmeta-levelââ¬â¢ and wanted to start out as it planned to continue. Soon people were seeing the Institute as a resource that could be utilized. For example, the Department of Health in Ireland saw it as really useful in developing the National Anti-Poverty Strategy specifically to produce health targets. This in turn developed into a wonderful networking opportunity to etter connect with the web of people and institutions absolutely essential for the IoPH to realize its aims. The Institute works at a whole systems level providing some resource and expertise, supporting and influencing through facilitation via its networks. Its aims include building capacity and capability within its own organization to do the same for all organizations involved in the all-Ireland health agenda. Vision and values Jane Wilde had a very clear take on the importance of the vision and values to the organization and its way of working: The vision and values are crucial, even more important than a clear set of objectives. At the top are the vision and values, at the bottom is the infrastructure ââ¬â accounting, systems, processes ââ¬â both very worked out and clear and effective. In the middle is the room to juggle and be flexible ââ¬â we donââ¬â¢t need to fight for our existence, we fight for our vision. The Institute has its work plan developed from its strategy process but it recognizes that things will come up or itââ¬â¢ll spot things and need to decide whether to factor them into the ongoing work. It has its flagship programmes which are the core of its work, and are quite responsive at taking on additional things during the year, mobilizing resources and spending additional funding quickly and easily and in a very focused manner. It is more interested in things being achieved than being precious about keeping ownership of things or about who controls the resources. Itââ¬â¢s not about being territorial, more about effective deployment of resources. Vision and values come out all the time, whether itââ¬â¢s the way the offices are furnished or how the senior management team and management board minutes are published. Keeping communication open between the Belfast and Dublin offices can sometimes be problematical though regular video conferences are organized and face-to-face ââ¬Ëprogrammeââ¬â¢ days are scheduled. It can be difficult to get people who have no reason to go to the South, say, to get to know about the South, though the ethos is to constantly reiterate the need for an all-Ireland focus. A very cosmopolitan staff group have been recruited, drawn from many countries. They operate with a belief that says tensions are more about where they should invest their energies rather where thereââ¬â¢s conflict to be avoided. They try to do everything to a high standard, with a real attention to both the task and people process, ensuring clarity of agendas and outcomes and that all staff are supported. They support and look after each other with team days designed to allow time for creativity, reflection, de-stressing, growth and development. Leadership style The leadership style exhibited by the Director and her senior management team on the one hand reflect the personalities and values of the managers themselves, and on the other hand, mirror the requirements of the Institute from formation through to being a successful player in the Irish health field. A balance was struck between being affiliative, democratic and authoritative. The Institute needed to get close to all of its stakeholders, build trust and discover what the needs and ideas were of all of these bodies and the constituencies that they represented. It then had to craft a vision and a strategy that would command respect, be authoritative and encourage engagement. Core values which permeate the leadership are: â⬠¢ being determined to stand up for what they believe (ie, tackling health inequalities in an inclusive way); â⬠¢ setting out a motivating vision; setting consistently high standards; â⬠¢ being collaborative, building relationships and fostering networks wherever and whenever itââ¬â¢s possible; and â⬠¢ building and maintaining momentum on a number of fronts with a number of initiatives. A key leadership competency for the senior management team is being politically astute, with no game-playing whilst watching and managing the political and organ izational boundaries. In the top team the Directorââ¬â¢s style is very facilitative; occasionally she needs to remember ââ¬â or be told ââ¬â that she has to take the lead and make the final decision. As a matter of course there is a collaborative and consensual approach to strategy making, problem solving and decision taking. Management board The non-executive management board had the ultimate responsibility for directing the Institute, though in reality the process seemed to be one of collaboration and negotiation. The Director and senior team would go to them with ideas and get approval for the agenda. Initially more directive, the board evolved a way of working that is rather low key, but open, honest and transparent. The relationship between the non-executive management board and the executive senior management team has developed over the years. A lot depended on the differing states of maturity of the board as opposed to the senior management team (maturity in terms of knowledge and experience of the organization, its agenda and its place within the health arena). The Institute tended to be senior management-led within the broad parameters laid down by the board. In some ways this reflects the confidence the board had in the senior management, though in other ways it probably needed to demonstrate greater critical challenge. Working across the border A key challenge was the need to work across the border with both the political sensitivities and cultural differences that implied. The line across the border proved to be a very big line indeed. The two governments had different ways of transacting and different priorities. The Institute acted as facilitators between the two in an attempt to better align the different health agendas and priorities. For example, at one stage there was restructuring in the South, another time budget cuts in the North. At both these times people outside of the Institute tended to look more inward and take their eyes off the collective agenda. It was for the Institute to hold firm to its vision and work with what and who was available. Indeed it found that rather than wait for a total agreement on any one initiative it would start things off in one area and other areas would pick it up if they saw any value in it. Leadership programme The leadership programme is a good case in point as its aim was to build leadership capability and capacity across all organizations working on the island. This innovative programme focused on personal development, systems change and collaborative leadership, addressing individual leadership challenges whilst promoting and developing networks. In addition to the individual and group learning there have also been two specific products created by the participants ââ¬â an imaginative book, Reflecting Leadership, and an advocacy toolkit which is being further developed as a web-based resource. Four programmes have been run with 100 people from all health sectors nominated or self-selected to attend. These include academics, public health doctors, community health workers as well as managers from local government. The programme didnââ¬â¢t just focus on individual leadership development but also on the impact on their respective organizations ââ¬â creating a cadre of leaders, making wider connections and operating in an all-Ireland system. The ongoing peace process has helped ââ¬â creating more porous borders, being more fluid and less threatening. Likewise this increased level of communication and understanding has helped the peace process. A key symbolic act on the Directorââ¬â¢s part was to enrol in the first leadership programme along with some of her associate directors. She recognized that full and wide participation on the leadership programme was important. By acknowledging that she was prepared to show her vulnerabilities, address her weaknesses and further develop her strengths she set a particular tone for the Institute itself and for all leaders and would-be leaders across the health arena in Ireland. This was one of the factors that ensured other high profile people attended, and the programme became something which others wanted to attend. Learning The key lessons from this change process are as follows. Good sponsorship It was imperative to have a good level of sponsorship from someone who was already respected and had power and authority in the field. The Chief Medical Officers played this role during the birth of the organization and its crucial first few months and this role has now been adopted by members of the management board. The importance of inclusivity ââ¬â looking after your stakeholders This means identifying all of the stakeholders, discovering their needs and wants and factoring them into your strategic deliberations and demonstrating that they have been listened to. Appropriate influencing skills The Institute was a legitimate entity but was operating without specific powers. It adopted an influencing style based on drawing people into discussions and deliberations and offering knowledge, experience and resource as a way of gaining commitment and engagement. Features of this style would typically be building on othersââ¬â¢ ideas, testing understanding, seeking information, being democratic and sharing power, being involved and building trust. Interestingly this works best when one has no formal power. The importance of vision and values The ââ¬Ëwhatââ¬â¢ of the vision and the ââ¬Ëhowââ¬â¢ of the values provided a compass en route to achieving the objectives. They were used as a crucial part of the decision-making process and provided a raison dââ¬â¢etre for the organization rather than having to concern itself with ideas of growth and acquiring and monopolizing resources. Developing a lean, agile, responsive organization As a consequence of clarity of vision the organization didnââ¬â¢t need to demonstrate success by growth, assets or size but by how well it enabled the health inequalities agenda to be moved on. To do this it need to develop a lean, agile and responsive organization which it did through recruitment of the right people (professionally and attitudinally); particularly good influencing and enabling skills; demonstrating value through building flagship projects and programmes; investing time in research and reflection; spotting the right opportunities in the myriad of issues and initiatives; and harnessing the power and influence of the networks around it. Transformational leadership style The senior management team adopted more of a transformation leadership style. Some of the qualities associated with this style include: setting out and working towards a longer-term vision; â⬠¢ creation of a facilitating environment, enabling people to operate in an environment of trust, openness and empowerment; â⬠¢ working towards changing the status quo and not being afraid to confront (in skilful ways) situations or people that are not committed to this process; â⬠¢ recognizing that building overall capacity and capability rather than being directive and hierarchical is a means towards the end; and â⬠¢ seeing and demonstrating that authority comes from the ability to influence through a network of relationships and a relationship of networks. The use of reflection as an aid to action Partly because the organization is involved in research and reflection, partly due to the personalities of the senior management team, there is a great emphasis placed on individual and team reflection and addressing the group process. The organization recognizes the need (as demonstrated in its leadership programme) to invest in leadership processes that pay due regard to individual and team development and dynamics as a prelude to taking action. Non-executive board and senior management team For an organization to be operating at full effectiveness there needs to be a stronger relationship between the non-executive board and its senior management team. Healthy relationships need to be brokered between these two groups to ensure clarity of goals and effective operating processes. Case study questions: The Institute of Public Health in Ireland Individual change a) What were the main ways in which people were motivated during the change process together with any underlying assumptions? b) If you were a manager (not leading the change) at IoPH what would be some of your key tasks? ) Using the Satir model describe how the IoPH change process evolved? Reference can also be made to the following application chapters for input on individual change: 5, 6, 7 and 8 and also chapter 10 Team change a) In terms of the four personality types, which one(s) were most in evidence? What might some of the benefits and pitfalls of this type have been? b) If you were a team manager/leader in IoPH which of the five elements of effective team work would be most important? c) Would you create any different types of teams at the IoPH to help in its evolution? Reference can also be made to the following application chapters for input on team change 5, 6, 7 and 8 and also chapter 10 Organizational change a) Identify some example of the political systems metaphor, and the Flux and Transformation metaphors in action in this case study. b) William Bridges wrote about transitions in his work. Can you see and evidence of Endings, Beginnings or Neutral Zones in the process of change at IoPH in Ireland? If so, what ended, and what began? What was accomplished by the leadership in the neutral zone? If not, does that mean there was no real transition? Discuss. ) Take Kotterââ¬â¢s eight steps to transforming your organization, and see if you can find any parallels, or obvious areas of mismatch. Is there any work still to be done, or work that was missed out, that you can deduce from carrying out this comparison? Leading change a) Would Warren Bennis say that Jane Wilde focused on managing or leading? Give examples to support your argument. b) How would you encapsulate Jane Wildeââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëstoryââ¬â¢ ââ¬â see Garnerââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëleadersââ¬â¢ storiesââ¬â¢? What was it about this ââ¬Ëstoryââ¬â¢ that worked as a way of motivating and aligning people? How could it have been clearer or more evocative/inspiring? ) Senge talks about local line leaders, executive leaders and network leaders all being necessary for organizational change. Who played these different parts in IoPH, and what challenges and support did they have? What worked well, and what could have been better? Case Study 3: The Kitchenware Company Case study text: The Kitchenware Company It was almost 15 years ago when Dennis and Nick, two young sales executives, were chatting together as they were driving to see one of their clients. The topic was careers and what they really wanted to do with their lives. Like many people they dreamt of running their own business. But unlike most people they held onto their vision and commitment and drive over many years to make it a reality. From that initial conversation, it took another seven years for them to refine their vision, decide on the nature of their business, spot their opportunity and get the finances agreed and then to step into their new lives. They were kindred spirits, with a mutual affinity for sales, and they alighted on the fast-moving homeware business as the one where they had knowledge, competence and skills enough to make an impact. During this gestation period they set about acquiring more skills and contacts in their chosen field and also putting money away to finance their potential loss of earnings through the period of transition. Nick was working as a sales director in the homeware industry for a household name. Although extremely successful he was frustrated at being constrained in his ability to shape the future of the brand and the business. He was the guardian of the brand ââ¬â getting customers to accept what the brand was like, not taking feedback from the customer to improve the product and the brand. That was decided not by customers, not by employees, but by the senior management. Dennis was in a similar position, again in the UK ho How to cite Making Sense of Change Management, 2nd edition Case studies, Essay examples Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-58353840986713135702019-12-06T15:34:00.001-08:002019-12-06T15:34:02.669-08:00Should the Advertising of Prescription Medications Be Allowed free essay sample The advertising of prescription medications should not be allowed as it could create unnecessary demand and supply of medications, which could possibly lead to misuse and abuse of drugs. If we allow advertising, with the increase of demand and supply, there will be increase of danger of complications and fatalities that occur with the misuse of drugs. There are certain combinations of drugs (or medications) that should not be taken at the same time. The damage that taking wrong combinations of drugs can cause varies from feeling nauseous to fatal. They are prescription drugs for a reason- they need to be prescribed by someone who is qualified, who knows what they are dealing with. Itââ¬â¢s not trivial consumer items like cereals; itââ¬â¢s medication. You are dealing with health, life and death issue. (There have been a few reports saying that some wealthy American people use prescription medications as ââ¬Ëparty drugsââ¬â¢. We will write a custom essay sample on Should the Advertising of Prescription Medications Be Allowed? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It shows that depends on the amount and combination of medical drugs you take they can actually cause similar effects as those of illegal drugs such as narcotics. The demand created by advertising of prescription medications would also cause more trading of the drugs floating around in society, with possibilities of intentional abuse of the drugs. ) The nature of advertising is highly competitive. The advertisers and companies will always want to create more demand to make more profits. There should not be any competition in medical area like this. Firstly, the cost of advertisement could corrupt development of new medications in process as the money could be taken away from research and development. It would also cause one brand to be more popular than the other, which indicates the possibilities of creating exclusive market; it would also lead to the decrease of research and development of new medications as their will be less variety and companies. ( and that the better drugs wonââ¬â¢t be easily sold by consumers if the brand is not popular) (+ 30 second slot on a popular daytime show, the cost of this would have to be balanced out by a raise in the prices of the medication that the company is selling so that it continues to make profits) Secondly, the demand for medication is not meant to be created on purpose. They are people who are really in the need of medications. There have been, and there always will be people taking medications prescribed by doctors, who are qualified and aware of the conditions of their patients. The demand is already there, thus there is no need to create more demand. The attempt to increase the demand could actually decrease the demand, as some people would feel embarrassed and reluctant to purchase medication when itââ¬â¢s publicly advertised. For example, you go to pharmacy and name the medications, and some people would be able to guess your medical conditions that you might want to keep as private matter. Might be used for rebuttal) With an advertisement, the advertisers will not tend to inform negative effects of the medicine as their intention is to give a good impression of the product and sell it. The notion that advertisement would be able to inform people and give the consumers greater choice and knowledge, can easily bring failure to notice the negative effects of drugs. And it would be already too late when consumers realise there was something wrong about medications they have taken. Itââ¬â¢s always best to check your conditions and get prescription for right medications from doctors. Is it really good for economy? Is it really going to create more job offers? As I said before, the advertisement is very competitive that it could cause one company to exclude the other from market, which means the variety and availability of companies that can offer jobs would be decreased. Itââ¬â¢s definitely not going to be good for economy. * Medications are drugs used to treat and cur e illness. The further research and development should be continued to help those in need of medical help. The cost of advertisement will reduce the money invested in research and development of new medications. That is why we should not allow the medications to be advertised. The medical industry aims for health of consumers (medication users), not the profit itself. ( ) The advertisement of prescription medicine could have a negative effect on the governmentââ¬â¢s willingness to employ the PBS scheme. PBS scheme stands for Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), scheme to subsidise life or death medicine to make it more affordable to those who need it in Australia. Allowing advertising of the medicine could bring corruption in the scheme. Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-24073315963281111982019-11-29T04:28:00.001-08:002019-11-29T04:28:03.139-08:00Abnormal psychology free essay sample Running Header: Bipolar Life Bipolar Abstract This project will look at the character, Dr. Kay Jamison, from the autobiography, An Mind. It summarizes the whole book which is based on her life experiences while dealing with bipolar. It describes how she was diagnosed with the disorder. This project discuss symptoms, causes, and treatments. It will talk about the defense mechanisms that Dr. Kay Jamison most commonly used, rationalization and sublimation. The theoretical perspectives that were used to describe her disorder were the humanistic and the psychodynamic approach. Kay earned to deal with her disorder and took medication to help ease the symptoms and wrote the autobiography. Part l: Summary The book written by Dr. Kay Jamison, tells her life story describing her illness of being a manic depressant, which is now referred to as bi-polar. She describes her childhood as growing up in a loving but military regimented and structured household where she was encouraged to explore her curiosity and vast scientific interests. We will write a custom essay sample on Abnormal psychology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Having grown up and living on military bases, Kay kept constantly moving where she attended four different schools by the time she reached he 5th grade. But even so, she had what she described as a normal life with having close friends and even a boyfriend. Her life took a different twist by the time she reached fifteen years old. She was attending a regular high school in a wealthy community in California. When she left behind her conservative life to attend this high school, she felt completely out of place. She lost her ability to cope and adjust. Kay found that this regular school was highly competitive in both academics and athletics. The competitiveness of this school left Kay feeling humiliated and inadequate. At round this time, she also started seeing changes in her fathers behavior. This one time, a very loose and engaging man was now a very depressed, pessimistic, drinking individual fly into rages. She was scared to even go home at this point. Her own mother would stay away from the house becoming more involved with her work to avoid the home life. It was during her senior year in high school when Kay experienced what she described as her first attack with her depressive illness. She stated she would start rambling and becoming out of control with her talking. Suddenly nothing made sense in her world and she ouldnt concentrate or comprehend things in class. She would have to read things over and over. Her once imaginative mind had turned on her and she could no longer focus. She found nothing interesting or worthwhile. It was also when she had her first thoughts of death and that life was not worth living. Kay withdrew from people and would literally avoided contact. She didnt even want to get out of bed. Her college years were filled with more confusion with continual feelings of suicide. There was also an excessive spending on elaborate items. One of her purchases was a horse that he couldnt even afford to keep and other non essential items. She continued to miss more classes and was unable to concentrate. Her initial major was medicine, but she knew she could not provide the concentration that was required in this field so she switched her major to psychology. Kay knew she needed help and that she had a mental illness. It was at this point she was prescribed and took the drug called Lithium to control her Once she started taking the Lithium she could now process things. She was no longer hallucinating. This medication enabled her to slow down. She ended up seeing a sychiatrist to help address her problems. Kay knew that the drug along with psychotherapy would keep her from relapsing, but she was embarrassed having to take it. The drug seemed to almost make her feel like she was in a drunken state. At times, Kay wrongly felt like she could stop taking the Lithium and she was the exception that could have a normal life without it. But when she stopped, her manic- depressive condition came back even stronger. It was at this time she attempted suicide. Kay felt as if she was a burden for her friends and family staying alive in her condition. She recovered rom this attempt and came to terms with the realization she would have to continue this medication for the rest of her life. At this time, she discovered that her condition was hereditary and that three generations of family members had it. It was very difficult being in the psychiatry field and to confide with others about her condition. As for professional reasons, she was concerned about the perception that colleagues would view her as weak and she wanted the respect of her peers. She was also concerned that exposing her illness would Jeopardize her ability to obtain a medical icense and perspective employers and whether they would hire her. Dr. Jamison reflects in her book that despite struggling with her illness, this was a success story. She recognized the need to take medications to control this illness. She also recognized the importance of continual medication compliance with not only herself, but for all patients. Kay confided in those she could trust and was fortunate to have the love and support from so many friends, family, husband and colleagues. As she pointed out there are so many people in many professions suffering from this condition. Many manic depressant individuals end up self-medicating, making them alcoholics or drug abusers and eventually committing suicide. She went on with her life with no regrets and lives it without guilt or embarrassment. This is not a condition that is brought upon by up bringing or lifestyle. Manic depression is a disease that requires treatment. The author is able to see from a different perspective as to how the condition effects patients and has a unique understanding of the illness. She can describe from a firsthand point of view on the importance of taking medication for this condition. Part II: Diagnosis Axis I: Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depressive Illness). Axis Ill: No medical conditions. Axis lv. She had multiple stressors that could have influenced her disorder. She moved to California, off the military base where she felt most comfortable. She had a bad relationship with her sister, her father had a drinking problem, high school was to difficult, divorced her husband, and had many relationships with other men. Axis V: Lowest Score: 19. Even though Kay knew she had something wrong with her and received therapy, she was still severely suffering from her bipolar disorder. No matter what she tried doing, nothing seemed to help in the long term. She took lithium to help ease the symptoms, but it would make her unable to concentrate. Every time she would stop taking it, her episodes would come back even stronger than before. This lead her to attempt suicide by overdosing on the medication. Highest Score: 81 . After her attempted suicide, she received much more medical care and she was able to recover. She continued taking the medication and went on with her life. She was able to work and have relationships. She was showing little to no symptoms of er disorder and was satisfied with her life. Average Score: 50. ad been suffering from bipolar disorder or also called manic-depressive illness which was how it was referred to back in the seventies. At first, it was thought that Kay was suffering from a major depressive disorder. Her first attack of depression came when she was in high school in which she described it as being very confused all the time, feeling of worthlessness, and she wanted to avoid any contact with people. The n, when she was enrolled in college, she started to have sudden changes in her mood. At one moment, she would be excessively happy and euphoric, then she would become irritable and angry for no reason. She would always be restless and suffered from insomnia. She would also have abnormal shopping frenzies. Some of her purchase were a horse that she couldnt even afford, undesirable styles of furniture, an abundant amount of watches with an overall price of $30,000, and twelve snakebite kits. All of these symptoms are clear signs of a manic episode. Kay had multiple periods of depression and manic episodes which led to thoughts of hopelessness and a suicide attempt. She had multiple relationships with men in which she had excessive involvement in pleasurable activities. Another disorder that Kay could have arguably had was cyclotymic disorder. It is similar to bipolar, but the symptoms are less intense. Kay had prescribed to her which is why she is diagnosed with bipolar. Part Ill: Research Bipolar is a mood disorder which is categorized under axis I of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Bipolar can be defined as people who have excessive amounts of mood swings that alternate from states of depression or mania. It is also possible for a person to experience both mania and depression symptoms at the same time. For most people, it is embarrassing to be labeled with this disorder because they feel as though theres a stigma that comes along with it. Without the right support system or care, people with bipolar can find life very unbearable. When studying bipolar disorder, many researchers look at the symptoms, causes, risk factors, and treatments. Bipolar is rare disorder to develop. It is equally obtainable in both males and females. Until recently, researchers have found that no more than one percent of the general opulation has the disorder (Akiskal, 2010). Now, there is new evidence that for a higher prevalence of up to at least five percent (Akiskal, 2010). This new rise in the percentage can be due to the fact that people are becoming more acceptable of their condition. In todays society, people are more caring for others with disorders and encourage those who are less fortunate to seek help. can be observed can fall under the category of mania. Mania can be defined as a state in which a person has an excessive amount of euphoria and delusions. A person that is in a state of mania ay experience risky behaviors, decrease in sleep, racing thoughts, and an increase in sex drive (Malhi, 2003). A person may feel as though they are invincible and that they are on top of the world. This leads to them participating in dangerous activities like car surfing, mixing different types of drugs, or even participating in sexual activity with many people. A person in a state of mania may experience many sleepless nights. When people sleep, there brain releases a chemical known as serotonin, which is responsible for regulating mood, sleep, appetite, and dreams (Basics, 2007). Its a known fact that the average person needs anywhere between seven to eight hours of sleep. When people dont get enough sleep, they have a build up of serotonin which can cause irrational thinking and delusions (Basics, 2007). This can cause people to break away from reality. Manic people also may obtain many thoughts that can lead to impulsive behavior. An example of an impulsive behavior that a person may have is going on a spending spree. When people are in the mania state go on spending sprees, theyll make irrational purchases. They will buy things that they dont even need or any desire of the Abnormal Psychology free essay sample The Court has now considered whether or not juveniles should be sentenced to life without parole (LWOP). They have ruled that life without parole may not be given to a juvenile unless their crime involves murder. With restrictions already placed on theà deathà sentence, retaining the possibility of life without parole is important. Society needs an ultimate punishment for those who commit heinous crimes and also as a deterrent. The Courts decision should encourage those who run prisons to focus on rehabilitation, as more people will eventually be up for parole. â⬠(Richards, 2011) An interesting bit of information I read states, ââ¬Å"Connecticut is one of just three states where the age of jurisdiction for a juvenile ends at 16. In Connecticut, a juvenile is any person under the age of 16, or over the age of 16 but who violated the law before turning 16. Cases involving arrests of juveniles who are 16 and older are heard in adult court. We will write a custom essay sample on Abnormal Psychology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Legislation has recently been passed to review this juvenile age policy. (Haller, 2006) I feel that the community these teens lives in should not be entirely responsible to pay for the cleanup and or rebuild of the destruction a certain group of teens did. Nor should the parent which is why I propose that the community service jobsââ¬â¢ pay could go towards the amount it would take to fix their mistakes. This would teach them a little something about responsibility as well as take care of the issue at hand. I am not entirely sure I agree with the death penalty in general but I agree with this statement from Richards as I fully believe everyone deserves a second chance. In the paragraphs to come I intend to cover my opinion in further detail as to why I think the juvenile justice system should adopt the focus I believe in as well as how it will affect the law enforcement, the court processes probation, corrections, community services as well as the intervention programs. Towards the end of my paper I also intend to discuss the opposing view and why I feel they are not a valid choice. I feel that the juvenile justice system should look further into primarily using rehabilitation for their troubled youths because everyone deserves a second chance. They may have committed the crimes that are being held against them but they also may have learned their lesson because of the reality of the situation. I would hate for a life to go to waste from sitting behind bars when they could have been through the rehabilitation process and possibly some counseling and truly learned from their mistakes, if they would be fully capable of leading an otherwise successful life. I definitely feel that they need to be punished for what they did regardless if they were under the influence or claim they didnââ¬â¢t know what they were doing at the time, the victim and their families deserve at least that but I think that sentencing them to extensive jail time or prison time is counterproductive. You want those who have been through the justice system once or twice to go and talk about their experience in hopes that it would deter other teens and young adults from committing crimes. While focusing on the rehabilitation aspect of things, I feel these at risk teens should be participating in community services. They could be picking up trash along the roads, wash graffiti off the train cars or even be cheap labor for the county in the form of mowing county lawns or helping road construction or garbage disposal companies. I think my idea behind this would be to prove that life isnââ¬â¢t easy and even though you made a serious mistake, you can be successful in the end. Neither job is a glorious job but it has to be done not to mention the pay isnââ¬â¢t all bad (once they are in the actual position not just being cheap labor that is). Obviously if things go the way I am hoping, there will be a reduction in court cases as well as hopefully arrests therefore it would directly affect law enforcement as well as the court system but I think the affect could be both positive and negative. While it would definitely reduce the number of cases a probation officer would see, the judges and the lawyers would deal with, it could also give these particular people more time to deal with other types of more severe crimes or extra time with their own families. I feel that even one teen touched and moved by the horror story of another having gone through jail and probation would be worth the change. It would be nice if our generations could grow up knowing that yes the justice system is there to serve and protect but it also wants those who go through the system to learn and become rehabilitated to be a successful member of their community. ââ¬Å"The current controversy over juvenile justice results in part from the fact that many states have shifted the focus of the juvenile justice system from rehabilitation to punishment and deterrence. Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-3665324191042000312019-11-25T12:02:00.001-08:002019-11-25T12:02:02.795-08:00How to Stop Procrastinating and Increase ConcentrationHow to Stop Procrastinating and Increase Concentration How to Stop Procrastinating and Increase Concentration No matter how close the deadline, sometimes your motivation to read, research, write and edit your paper can dwindle. This can be particularly bad if youre prone to procrastinating. The technology that surrounds us in everyday life means that there are endless distractions available. For those of us prone to procrastinating, getting work done can therefore be a challenge. However, there are also some practical steps you can take to improve the way you work, and therefore the quality of the work you complete. If youââ¬â¢re in the throes of a bout of procrastination and staring a deadline in the face, the following tips might be helpful. Get Rid of Online Distractions Even short periods spent on Facebook or Twitter can add up, and you spend more time taking quizzes to find out which Harry Potter character you are than researching your paper. To get rid of temptation online, install a program that blocks certain websites for a specified time. This allows you to work uninterrupted. Take Regular Breaks Some research suggests that the average persons attention span is roughly 8.25 seconds. Its probably not surprising that were so prone to procrastinating, if that is true. Especially since writing an assignment requires concentrating for longer periods. However, your ability to concentrate for longer periods decreases as you get tired, so regular (planned) breaks are essential. Even a short break of ten minutes every few hours can boost your concentration and efficiency. Breaks from work are also useful in a more general sense. Once you have completed a draft of a chapter or part of your paper, leave it for twenty-four hours. You will then be able to return to it with fresh eyes, making editing much easier. Take Exercise Exercise taken during the work day can boost concentration, motivation and time management. If possible, fit some form of exercise into your day. A brisk walk at lunchtime will improve not only your health and mood but also your concentration. Drink Water Staying well hydrated is vital for cognitive functioning, so concentration can be hindered if you arenââ¬â¢t getting enough fluids. Donââ¬â¢t forget to drink enough throughout the day, as by the time you feel thirsty, your brain power may have decreased by up to 10%. Create the Perfect Environment Minor irritations, like an uncomfortable chair or a dim light which forces you to strain your eyes, can contribute to a lack of desire to work. Ensure that your working environment is comfortable and calming so that you can focus on your work. Know Your Optimal Working Routine Something which can dramatically reduce procrastination and improve efficiency is working out an optimized working routine. For example, different people work better at different times of day; night owls might get their best work done at midnight, while early birds might have 2,000 words done before 9am! Work to your strengths, but make sure your sleeping pattern is not affected. What Motivates You? Sometimes, small rewards can increase motivation and having something tangible to look forward to can spur you on to meet your goals. Knowing you have dinner plans with friends will encourage you to meet your targets for the day. Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-62055697544914766662019-11-21T19:26:00.001-08:002019-11-21T19:26:03.443-08:00Iron ladies of liberia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsIron ladies of liberia - Term Paper Example One of the questions that needs an answer from this movie is: Are women more democratic than men in politics? Or are women capable of making differences in politics with regard to good governance and democracy? This movie illustrates how women play an important role in politics and how they can transform the political landscape and playfield. The following discussion is an outline how the movie irons ladies of Liberia portrays women to have very important and strong stuns with regard to democracy and good governance and fair politics. The film is produced in the Liberiaââ¬â¢s contexts and is about the political landscape that the nation has made after a long struggle with the civil war which took fourteen years. After the fourteen years of war, the new president is elected, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf after a hotly contested presidential election. Sirleaf is however backed by the overwhelming support especially from the women in Liberia. As the first elected woman head of state in Afric a, she appoints other women to the powerful ministries of finance, head of police, ministry of commerce and ministry of justice. However, Johnson and other women leaders are faced with the challenges of not only bringing peace to the nation but also improving the economy that was suffering from debts amounting to over three billion dollars. Iron Ladies of Liberia therefore provides an insight of the leadership of the president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and other extraordinary women as they strive to restore order in the nation that had been devastated. Liberia had suffered from two civil wars that took over two decades and hence the nation is trying to cope up with the economical challenges as they strive to restore political order in the nation. Daniel Junge, the director of this film has presented the first term of Sirleaf in the government in which Junge presents the leadership of Sirleaf and other women as very challenging. Even though Iron ladies of Liberia does not go into finer d etails of whet that new president faces, but it outlines certain challenges that are a threat to the nations peace and has to be acted upon with immediate action. There is also fear that the nation might go back to violence and hence restoring public confidence in the new governance after the devastating war in Charles Taylorââ¬â¢s regime is important. Among some of the challenges facing Taylor are the high rates of unemployment that is standing at ninety percent. Ellen and the other iron ladies are experiencing hard times in which there are huge numbers of youth walking along the streets. There is chaos and disorder in the streets due to unemployment that has resulted into the increase in crimes, theft and robbery along the streets; hence an increase in the level of insecurity in the nation. It is also important to note that the film reflects the divided army which is also a threat to the national peace and security that has begun to take place in the nation. Other problems incl udes corruption, how to manipulate the political elite that are still clinging onto power due to their riches and hence influence on the economy. As a result, there are huge disparities in the incomes of the individuals. This has seen the poor earning less than a dollar in a day while the rich, owning the greater percentage of the national economic resources continue to rule the nation economically. Ellen Johnson also takes leadership of the nation a time when the nation living standards is very low. There exist no sewerage Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-84627122457345946682019-11-20T16:41:00.001-08:002019-11-20T16:41:02.898-08:00Hypatia of Alexandria (350-415) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsHypatia of Alexandria (350-415) - Essay Example She followed the school of thought that was derived by Plato and developed by Plotinus. She was multitalented and this made people envious until they condemned her as a witch, which led to her murder in 415. All her works were burnt in the Great Library. Hypatia lived during a time of great change, in the late fourth and the beginning of the fifth centuries. She was born in around 350 A.D., though the time of her birth is not well known. During that time women were not allowed to contribute much in the society and were only treated as property. They had few options but Hypatia managed to freely move and maneuver in a tradition that was male dominated. Slavery was a dominant issue during that time, as it had sapped the vitality of classical civilization. In about 400 A.D. the philosophy of Neo-Platonism was taught. The philosophy was founded by Plotinus. Hypatia at that time taught philosophy and was the head of the school of Platonist at Alexandria. Religion was a major development at that time and most of the Christians were converted to paganism through the teachings of Hypatia. In the city, there used to be several riots between the Christians and non-Christians. The Christians felt that the works of Hypatia undermined and threatened the stability of their faith. These events became the turning point of the life of Hypatia. It was during the reign of the Roman governor, who had a good relationship with Hypatia. During this time, the people in the city of Alexandria were naà ¯ve and lacked formal education. Hypatia was a symbol of scholarship, especially due to the scientific knowledge she possessed. This made other people in the city, particularly the Christians to despise Hypatia and they decided to murder her. The works and remains of Hypatiaââ¬â¢s body were burnt with an aim of the termination of her teachings. Although the Christians managed to undertake her murder, the teachings and works of Hypatia remain Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-56365786225364310742019-11-18T15:42:00.001-08:002019-11-18T15:42:03.802-08:00I am not sure about the subject that i used, but you have to put the AssignmentI am not sure about the subject that i used, but you have to put the right subject for each - Assignment Example This comes in the wake of different cases around the nation where officers are seen to manhandle or mistreat people from minority groups, with some even leading to the death of the said individuals (Schmidt 1). The issue of hate crimes has been a topic that is often discussed in hushed tones in various areas in the United States. In yet another different online article, The Guardian dated 10 Feb. 2015, three individuals were sentenced to prison for alleged hate crimes that led to the death of one James Craig Anderson. In the wake of these allegations, it later emerged that a group of white people would go to Jackson to pester, harass, and assault black people. Others were waiting sentencing stemming from the same hate crimes and conspiracy to do the same against nonwhites (AP 1). After a series of attacks by both white police officers and civilians, it has become necessary for major newspapers around the nation to highlight what is happening, and what should be done about it. It is clear that race is still an issue that most people are battling with, and with the rising number of cases, the attitude and mentality of everyone involved needs to change. This is for the betterment of society and everyone involved in making it prosper. It is my belief that whenever minority groups hear of such cases, there is bound to be traces of anger, bitterness, and resentment towards the other race, especially when perpetrators are not brought to book. It is about time people realize that society is made up of all races, and not just the whites. Associated Press, Jackson Mississippi. ââ¬Å"Three sentenced in Mississippi for ââ¬ËHate Crimeââ¬â¢ Murder of Black Man.â⬠The Guardian 10 Feb. 2015. Print. Schmidt, Michael S. ââ¬Å"F.B.I. Director to Give Speech Addressing Relations between Police and Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-80122992490507379772019-11-16T04:15:00.001-08:002019-11-16T04:15:08.865-08:00Law Essays Certain Selling ArrangementsLaw Essays Certain Selling Arrangements Certain Selling Arrangements The introduction of certain selling arrangements has imposed an unnecessary straitjacket on the development of the Keck principle. Not only is the Keck formula too narrow; paradoxically, it is also too broad in that it catches dynamic measures (such as restrictions on advertising) and therefore takes them outside the scope of Article 28 even though they do affect inter-state trade. (C. Barnard, The Substantive Law of the EU. The Four Freedoms (OUP 2d ed.) at 149). Discuss Article 28 (ex 30) EC provides that: ââ¬Å"Quantitative restrictions on imports and all measures having equivalent effect shall be prohibited between Member Statesâ⬠. Although this may initially seem simple, it has caused substantial difficulties when it comes to measures having equivalent effect when the rules are indistinctly applicable (ie. they apply equally to domestic and non domestic goods). As will be seen, the confusion around dealing with these measures was intended by the ECJ to be halted by the judgment in Keck. This essay will critically evaluate the decision in Keck in order to consider whether it has indeed served this purpose. A definition of measures having equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions was introduced by the ECJ in 1974 in the case of Procureur du Roi v Dassonville: ââ¬Å"All trading rules enacted by Member States which are capable of hindering, directly or indirectly, actually or potentially, intra-Community trade are to be considered as measures having an effect equivalent to quantitative restrictions.â⬠Although this definition proved helpful to the Court, its application tended not to distinguish between indirectly and directly applicable measures. It was also very broad, leaving many regulations open to examination by the Court. This in turn lead to large amounts of litigation for the Court to deal with. In Rewe-Zentral AG v Bundesmonopolverwaltung fur Branntwein (ââ¬Å"Casis de Dijonâ⬠) a narrower approach was adopted. The case concerned the legality of a German law which prescribed a minimum alcohol level of 25% for certain spirits, including cassis. German cassis was above the 25% level, but French cassis was not. Therefore, although the German law was indistinctly applicable, the result of the measure was to preclude the French cassis from the German market. The ECJ applied the Dassonville formula but went on to state that: ââ¬Å"Obstacles to movement within the Community resulting from disparities between the national laws relating to the marketing of the products in question must be accepted insofar as those provisions may be recognised as being necessary in order to satisfy mandatory requirements relating in particular to the effectiveness of fiscal supervision, the protection of public health, the fairness of commercial transactions and the defence of the consumer.â⬠The case therefore introduced the concept of the ââ¬Ërule of reasonââ¬â¢ to applications of Article 28 in the context of indistinctly applicable measures. In the Cassis de Dijon case itself it was held that the measure had been enacted in the interests of public health and fairness to commercial transactions, but that it was not a necessary means to achieve these objectives and was therefore in breach of Article 28. The cases concerned the legality of a French law prohibiting the resale of goods in an unaltered state at prices lower than their purchase price. Keck and Mithouard were prosecuted for breach of this law but claimed that the rule was incompatible with EC law. The ECJ considered Article 28 and applied the Dassonville formula. It was stated that the legislation could have the effect of restricting the volume of sales of imported goods as it deprived traders of an important method of sales promotion. The Court then went on to state that:Although the Cassis de Dijon case placed a limit on the very broad approach of the Dassonville formula, it was not without its problems. The application of the ââ¬Ërule of reasonââ¬â¢ was difficult for domestic courts. The ââ¬ËSunday Tradingââ¬â¢ cases demonstrated this when a challenge was made to the legality under Article 28 of national rules limiting Sunday trading. In some cases it was held by the national courts that the rules were just ified, in others that they were disproportionate. As a result of this uncertain approach, a change in the way the ECJ dealt with this problem was clearly necessary. This change came in the form of Keck and Mithouard which ââ¬Å"marks an important turning-point in the Courtââ¬â¢s jurisprudence on Article 28â⬠. ââ¬Å"In view of the increasing tendency of traders to invoke Article 30 of the Treaty as a means of challenging any rules whose effect is to limit their commercial freedom even where such rules are not aimed at products from other Member States, the Court considers it necessary to re-examine and clarify its case law on this matter.â⬠The Court then considered the Cassis de Dijon case and the extent to which the application of rules which limited free movement of goods could be justified as in the public interest: ââ¬Å"However, contrary to what has previously been decided, the application to products from other Member States of national provisions restricting or prohibiting certain selling arrangements is not such as to hinder directly or indirectly, actually or potentially, trade between Member States within the meaning of the Dassonville judgment â⬠¦ provided that these provisions apply to all affected traders operating within the national territory and provided that they affect in the same manner, in law and fact, the marketing of domestic products and of those from other Member States.â⬠It was therefore held that Article 28 did not apply to ââ¬Ëselling arrangementsââ¬â¢ and therefore the French law had not been in breach of the EC law. The decision in Keck has been said to be ââ¬Ëlacking in principleââ¬â¢, yet it has also been praised for its ââ¬Ëtendency to cut back on unnecessary intrusions into the laws of the Member States in cases where access to the relevant national market is not at stakeââ¬â¢. Perhaps the most controversial aspect of the decision is the distinction draw between rules that are to do with the product itself, and rules which relate to the selling arrangements in place for that product. Indeed, it has proved difficult to determine exactly what is meant by ââ¬Ëselling arrangementsââ¬â¢. In Hunermund pharmacists were prohibited from advertising, outside their premises, products which they were authorised to sell. It was held that this was a method of sales-promotion and was therefore outside the scope of Article 28. Moreover, in Banchero defendants to a smuggling charge invoked Article 28 in relation to Italian rules reserving the retail sale of tobacco to authorised distributors. The authorised distributors could only gain such status where the national body which held a monopoly over tobacco production in the country granted it. It was held that the system did not impede access to the national market, was a selling arrangement, and was therefore compatible with Article 28. In contrast, measures constituting requirements to be met, such as a Dutch law prohibiting dealings in gold and silver products not bearing certain hallmarks (Houtwipper) and German laws requiring the labelling of the contents of certain foods additional to those specified under EC law (Commission v Germany) are within the scope of Article 28 as they relate to the goods themselves, rather than merely the selling of the goods. The difficulties in lack of workable definition of a ââ¬Ëselling arrangementââ¬â¢ are seen particularly starkly when considering the Courtsââ¬â¢ approach to the advertising of goods. In Leclerc-Siplec the ECJ held that legislation which prohibits television advertising in a particular sector amounted to a selling arrangement. Therefore, even a complete ban on advertising of certain products will not come within the scope of Article 28 if the ban applies to domestically produced and imported products equally in law and in fact, as the Court held when considering a ban on television advertising directed at children under 12 in Komsummentombudsmannen v De Agostini. This means that the free movement of goods can be seriously hampered and the main provision designed to prevent this will have no effect whatsoever. In this sense, the approach offered by Keck is too broad. However, advertising and other measures intended to increases sales have not always been held to be ââ¬Ëselling arrangementsââ¬â¢. In Vereinigte Familiapress Zeitungsverlags- und Vertriebs GmbH v Heinrich Bauer Verlag Austria had prohibited periodicals from featuring prize draws or competitions. The ECJ formed the view that publishers would use such competitions with the hope of increasing circulation. However, the rule was held not to be a selling arrangement as it concerned the content of the magazine, equating to a requirement to be met. Article 28 applied and the Austrian rule was in breach of it. Although the measure was justifiable under the Cassis de Dijon formula, the provisions of Keck were too narrow to include this scenario. This approach therefore does not solve the problem created by the Cassis de Dijon case of uncertainty in application. Furthermore, in Schutzverband gegen unlauteren Wettbewerb v TK-Heimdienst Sass GmbH Austrian legislation provided that bakers, butchers and grocers may offer goods for sale on rounds in a given administrative district only if they also traded from a permanent establishment in that district or an adjacent municipality, where they offered the same goods for sale as they did on their rounds. It was that this amounted to a ââ¬Ëselling arrangementââ¬â¢ but one which did have a differential impact on domestic traders and others. This approach therefore entails an analysis of market access, which was a factor in the pre-Keck jurisdiction, but which was supposedly outside of the Keck approach. The academic reaction to Keck at the time of the decision was in the main critical and it was argued that Keck placed too much emphasis on factual and legal equality at the expense of market access. It was suggested that denying that selling arrangements came within Article 28 as long as they did not discriminate in law or in fact ignored the importance of market access as trading rules could be formally equal yet still operate so as to inhibit market access. Academics have therefore argued for an approach based on market access, with a main advocate being Weatherill. He has suggested that the correct approach should be to focus on market access rather than just factual and legal equality. To this end he has proposed a modified test: ââ¬Å"Measures introduced by authorities in a Member State which apply equally in law and in fact to all goods and services without reference to origin and which impose no direct or substantial hindrance to the market of that Member State escape the prohibition of Articles 30 and 59 [as were].â⬠This opinion was not confined to academics, and was raised judicially by Advocate General Jacobs in Leclerc-Siplec. Jacobs AG felt that advertising could play an important role in breaking down barriers to inter-state trade and was therefore dissatisfied that it should be outside Article 28. He suggested a modification to involve a test of ââ¬Ësubstantialââ¬â¢ hindrance, so that if a substantial restriction on access to the market was acting then it should be caught by Article 28. However, this suggestion was not applied by the ECJ. Further judicial consideration has come from Advocate General Maduro in Alfa Vita where he stated that while Keck was intended to clarify the ambit of Article 28, it had ââ¬Ëproved to be a source of uncertainty for economic operatorsââ¬â¢. He went suggested a three point solution: prohibition of all discriminatory provisions, whether direct or indirect; the requirement that any supplementary costs on cross-border activity be justified and; that any measure which impedes to a greater extent the access to the market and the putting into circulation of products from other Member States should be considered to be an MEQR. From the analysis above it may be concluded that although the Court in Keck attempted to resolve the problems of both the broad approach of Dassonville and the difficult to apply Cassis de Dijon, the result has been far from simplistic. Indeed, it is still unclear as to exactly what factors the court will consider when examining the legality of provisions in relation to Article 28. What is clear though, is that the Court is again willing to reconsider the approach and there may yet be a further attempt to restructure the approach to this area of free movement. Bibliography Barnard, C. (2001), ââ¬Å"Fitting the Remaining Pieces into the Goods and Persons Jigsaw?â⬠, 26 ELRev 35 Connor, T. (2005), ââ¬Å"Accentuating the Positive: The ââ¬ËSelling Arrangementââ¬â¢, The First Decade, and Beyondâ⬠, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 54, 1, 127 Craig, P. De Bà ºrca, G. (2008), EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials, 4th Edition, Oxford University Press Enchelmaier, S. (2004), ââ¬Å"Four Freedoms, How Many Principles?â⬠, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 24, 155 Chalmers, D. (1994), ââ¬Å"Repackaging the Internal Market ââ¬â The Ramifictions of the Keck Judgmentâ⬠, 19 ELRev 385 Fairhust, J. (2007), Law of the European Union, 6th Edition, Pearson Longman Gormley, L. (1994), ââ¬Å"Reasoning Renounced? The Remarkable Judgment in Keck Mithouardâ⬠EBLRev 63 Reich, N. (1994), ââ¬Å"The November Revolution: Keck, Meng, Audi Revisitedâ⬠, 31 CML Rev 459 Roth, W.H. (1994), ââ¬Å"Casenote on Keck and Hunermundâ⬠, 31 CML Rev 845 Steiner, J., Woods, L., Twigg-Flesner, C., (2006), EU Law, 9th Edition, Oxford University Press, pg 374. Weatherill, S., (1996), ââ¬Å"After Keck: Some Thoughts on how to Clarify the Clarificationâ⬠, 33 CML Rev, 885 Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923063783138281949.post-51316444593245155642019-11-13T16:46:00.001-08:002019-11-13T16:46:03.204-08:00Pandas Essay -- essays research papers fc à à à à à The giant panda only exists at present in six small areas located in inland China. The habitat, suitable for the bamboo on which it survives, is a cold, damp coniferous forest. The elevation ranges from 1,200 to 3,400 meters high. In most of the areas in which they still roam wild, they must compete with farmers who farm the river valleys and the lower slopes of the mountains. It is estimated that there are somewhere around 700 and 1,000 giant pandas still alive in the wild. Because of their reliance on bamboo as their primary food, they will remain in significant danger unless their present habitat is expanded. The differing varieties of bamboo go through periodic die-offs as part of their renewal cycle. Without the ability to move to new areas which have not been affected, starvation and death will certainly occur for the giant panda. Such die-offs of the bamboo also put the giant pandas in more direct contact with farmers and poachers as the bears try to find new areas in which to feed. à à à à à Pandas have few natural enemies other than man, so the life-span of giant pandas in the wild is thought to be twenty-five years or more. à à à à à Giant pandas have forepaws which are extremely flexible. Evolution has given them an enlarged wrist bone that works in the manner of an opposable thumb. This highly functional adaptation allows the giant panda to manipulate their primary food source, bamboo stems ... Dominga Straubhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03390571209142434815noreply@blogger.com0